Meds for Simulation Flashcards
Digoxin
digoxin, digoxin injection pediatric
Class: Cardiac glycoside
Pregnancy Category A
Action: Increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction by increasing the refractory period of the AV node and increasing total peripheral resistance. Also decreases HR and decreases rate of conduction
Use: CHF, Control of rapid ventricular contraction rate in clients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, slow heart rate in sinus tachycardia due to CHF, SVT (supraventricular tachycardia), Prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with paroxysmal AV junctional rhythm, Cardiogenic shock.
Common side effects: Tachycardia, headache, dizziness, mental disturbances, N&V, diarrhea, anorexia, blurred or yellow vision.
Serious side effects: death (most often from ventricular fibrillation), acute hemorrhage, convulsions, angioneurotic edema
Digitalization (rapid) Adults: 0.75-1.25 mg divided into two or more doses each given at 6-8 hr intervals
Digitalization (slow) Adult: 0.125-0.5 mg/day for 7 days
Lasix
Furosemide
Class: Diuretic, loop
Pregnancy Category C
Action: Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubule as well as the ascending loop of Henle, thus allowing the sodium and chloride to be excreted through urine. Also has a slight antihypertensive effect.
Use: Treats edema associated with CHF, renal disease (nephrotic syndrome), and hepatic cirrhosis, acute pulmonary edema, hypertension
Common side effects: jaundice, tinnitus, hearing impairment, hypotension, water/electrolyte depletion, pancreatitis, abdominal pain, dizziness, anemia.
Serious side effects: agranuloctyosis, aplastic anemia, cardiac arrest.
IM; IV Edema: Adults: 20-40 mg given as a single dose IM or slowly IV over 1-2 min
IV Acute pulmonary edema: Adults 40 mg slowly over 1-2 min
Oral Edema: Adults: 20-80 mg/day as a single dose
*Furosemide is potent diuretic which, if given in excessive amounts, can lead to profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion.
Potassium
Class: Electrolyte
Action: Maintains intracellular tonicity for transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle, and maintenance of normal renal function. It is critical in regulating nerve conduction
Use: Hypokalemia, diabetic acidosis, diarrhea, vomiting, uremia, hyperadrenalism, starvation and debilitation, corticosteroid or diuretic therapy.
Common side effects: N&V, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort
Serious side effects: Cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, death, muscle weakness that may progress to flaccid quadriplegia and respiratory failure.
Oral: Adults: 16-24 mEq/day
*Use with caution with cardiac disease. Geriatric clients are at greater risk of developing hyperkalemia due to age-related changes in renal function
Lipitor
Atorvastatin calcium
Pregnancy Category X
Class: Antihyperlipidemic, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins)
Action: Lipitor reduces levels of “bad” cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of “good” cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein, or HDL).
Use: Treats high cholesterol, lowers risk of stroke, heart attack, risk of other heart complications in people with type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease
Common side effects: Headache, asthenia, abdominal pain/cramps, infection, diarrhea, sinusitis, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, rash, flu syndrome, accidental trauma.
Serious side effects: rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria
Hypercholesterolemia: Initial: 10 or 20 mg once daily, then 10-80 mg once daily may be used.
Prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease Adult: 10 mg/day
*Elderly clients are at an increased risk of myopathy
Humulin N, Novolin N., Novolinge NPH
NPH insulin
-Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin
Pregnancy category B
Class: Insulin product
Action: Lowers level of glucose in the blood
Use: Treats diabetes
Common side effects: Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash, allergic reactions.
Serious side effects: Hypoglycemia, tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or tongue.
Diabetes: Adult: 7-26 units as a single dose 30-60 min before breakfast. A second smaller dose may be given, if needed, prior to the evening meal or at bedtime. If necessary, the daily dose may be increased in increments of 2-10 units.
Tylenol
Acetaminophen-APAP, Paracetamol
Class:Non-narcotic analgesic
Action: Decreases fever by a hypothalamic effect leading to sweating and vasodilation and inhibits the effect of pyrogens on the hypothalamic heat regulating centers. May cause analgesia by inhibiting CNS prostaglandin synthesis.
Use: Reduction of fever, relief of minor aches and pains due to backache, the common cold, headache, menstrual cramps, minor arthritis pain, muscular aches, and toothache.
Common side effects: Headache, insomnia, N&V, agitation, atelectasis, constipation, pruritis, GI upset.
Serious side effects: hemolytic anemia, anaphylaxis
Analgesic, antipyretic: Adult: 325-650 mg q 4-6 hr of immediate-release or 1,300 mg q 6 hr of extended-release. Maximum per 24 hr: 3 grams
