Meds exam 2 Flashcards
Adenosine: Action / Indications
Antiarrhythmic, slows conduction through AV node.
Used to restore sinus rhythm in pts with atrial tach, slows down tachyarrythmias for diagnostic purposes.
NOT EFFECTIVE FOR ATRIAL FIB AND ATRIAL FLUTTER
Adenosine: Dose
Bolus: 6mg IV push over 1-2 secs
If no response in 1-2 mins: 12 mg IV push
If no response: Another 12 mg IV push
Half life 10 secs
Adenosine: Nursing considerations
Vagal maneuvers should be tried first.
Must be pushed quickly followed by rapid flush.
Pt may have transient AV blocks, asystole, slow rhythms,
Side effects: Facial flushing, chest pressure, SOB (WARN PTS FIRST!)
Atropine: Action, indications
Anticholinergic, anti PSNS drug
works to block PSNS, prevents action of Ach results in more SNS relative to PSNS and increase in HR
Used for symptomatic bradycardia, heart blocks
Atropine: Dose
0.5mg IV push q 2-5mins, max 3 mg
Atropine: Nursing considerations
Monitor tachycardia
SE: Dilated pupils, dry mouth
Epinephrine: Action
Sympathomimetic, produced by adrenal medulla and has beta 1, beta 2, alpha effects (primarily Beta)
Beta 1: Increase CO, + inotrope, + chronotrope
Beta 2: Bronchodilation in lungs
Alpha: Vasoconstriction, thus increase BP
Epinephrine: indications
Cardiac arrest, symptomatic bradycardia, severe shock states, severe hypotension, resp distress due to bronchospasm or anaphylaxis
Epinephrine: Dose
May be mcg/kg/min or mcg/min
In cardiac arrest: Bolus 1mg q 3-5mins
Continuous infusion: 4mg in 250cc NS/D5W @ 1mcg/min titrated up (1-20 mcg/min)
Epinephrine: Nursing considerations
Monitor increased BP, HR
Correct hypovolemia first
Use central line
**Use caution for cardiac pts as causes increase in myocardial O2 demand and MI
Fentanyl: Action, indications
Narcotic analgesic, synthetic opioid
Blocks opiate receptors in CNS, reducing pain transmission. Rapid onset, short duration with less hypotension than morphine (less histamine release)
Used for pre-procedural analgesic, pain management in hypotensive pts, used in anesthesia with hypnotic agent such as propofol
Fentanyl: Dose
IVP: 25 - `100mcg
IV infusion: Initiate at 25-50 mcg/hr and titrate
Onset 1-2 mins, duration 30-60 mins
How potent is fentanyl?
100mcg fentanyl equivalent to 10mg morphine (recall 1000 mcg = 1 mg)
Fentanyl: Nursing considerations
Rapid infusion may cause resp depression.
Can cause decreased GI motility, bradycardia
Keep airway resus equipment on hand
Can accumulate with hepatic impairment (perform sedation vacation to prevent accumulation)
Antidote: Narcan
Metoprolol: Action, indications
Beta blocker
- inotrope
- chronotrope
Decrease in myocardial O2 demand
Treatment or prophylaxis of tachyarrythmias, heart failure, hypertension, angina, acute MI or post MI
Metoprolol: Dose
Bolus: 5mg IV push over 1-2 mins, may repeat q 5 - 10 mins
Total IV dose = 15mg
Metoprolol: Nursing considerations
High doses can block beta 2 receptors in lungs leading to bronchoconstriction
Caution in pts with heart failure, bronchospastic disease
Side effects: CHF, pulmonary edema, bradyarrythmias, AV blocks, hypotension
Caution when used with Ca channel blockers