meds Flashcards
1
Q
metronidazole use
A
Clostridium Difficile, Protozoa, anaerobes, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis
2
Q
fidaxomicin use
A
c. difficile
3
Q
clindamycin use
A
Streptococci, staphylococci, anaerobes, gangrene, necrotising fasciitis, prophylaxis (fractures), bacterial vaginosis
4
Q
penicillin examples
A
co-amoxiclav, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, piperacillin
5
Q
co-amoxiclav use
A
UTI, RTI, soft tissue infections, surgical wound infections
6
Q
benzylpenicillin use
A
Soft tissue pneumococcal, meningococcal, gonorrhoea, syphilis, acute osteomyelitis
7
Q
amoxicillin use
A
UTI, RTI, lyme disease
8
Q
flucloxacillin use
A
S. aureus, impetigo, necrotising fasciitis, S. Aureus bacteraemia, acute osteomyelitis
9
Q
cephalosporins examples
A
cefradine, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone
10
Q
cefradine use
A
UTI, soft tissue infection
11
Q
cefuroxime use
A
UTI, RTI, surgical prophylaxis (fractures)
12
Q
ceftriaxone use
A
Hospital infection, Typhoid, Lyme disease, gonorrhoea
13
Q
aminoglycoside example
A
gentamicin
14
Q
gentamicin use
A
Serious gram-negative infections (bacteraemia, endocarditis, neutropenic sepsis), necrotising fasciitis, chronic osteomyelitis, prophylaxis for fractures
15
Q
gentamicin SE
A
ototoxicity
16
Q
macrolide examples
A
clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin
17
Q
clarithromycin and erythromycin use
A
Resp infection, soft tissue infection
18
Q
azithromycin use
A
Chlamydia, typhoid
19
Q
quinolones examples
A
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
20
Q
ciprofloxacin use
A
Complicated UTI, hospital acquired pneumonia, neutropenia prophylaxis
21
Q
glycopeptides examples
A
vancomycin and teicoplanin
22
Q
vancomycin and teicoplanin use
A
Gram positive bacteria. MRSA, D. difficile (oral)
23
Q
vancomycin and teicoplanin SE
A
nephrotoxicity
24
Q
trimethoprim use
A
Gram neg bacilli, streptococci, staphylococci
25
co-trimoxazole use
Broad spectrum, pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia, CNS brucellosis
26
Tetracycline, doxycycline use
Streptococci, staphylococci, chlamydia, brucella, rickettsiae, leptospirosis, lyme disease, chlamydia, syphilis
27
rifampicin use
Mycobacteria (TB), meningococcus, staphylococci
28
linezolid use
Gram-positive bacteria only (streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci) good penetration into bone
29
linezolid SE
Blood and optic neuropathy
30
daptomycin use
Gram positive, S. Aureus
31
Neuraminidase examples
oseltamivir and zanamivir
32
oseltamivir and zanamivir use
antivirals
33
oseltamivir SE
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea
34
zanamivir SE
bronchospasm
35
anti-fungal examples
amphotericin B, echinocandins, flucytosine
36
amphotericin B use
Cryptococcal meningitis, broad antifungal
37
echinocandins use
Invasive candidisasis
38
Azoles examples
clotrimazole and fluconazole
39
azole use
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
40
Anti-viral HIV drugs
protease inhibitor, non-nucleoside, protease inhibitor and integrase inhibitor, nucleoside inhibitor
41
nucleoside SE
Marrow toxicity, neuropathy, lipodystrophy
42
non-nucleoside SE
Skin rashes, hypersensitivity, drug interactions, neuropsychiatric effects
43
protease inhibitor SE
Drug interactions, diarrhoea, lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia
44
quinine SE
Nausea, tinnitus, deafness, cardiac depression
45
drugs for malaria
quinine, artemisinin, malarone, riamet, eurartesim
46
praziquantel use
schistosomiasis
47
NSAIDs SE
Risk of hyperuricaemia via under excretion. Delayed union of fracture. Orofacial clefts and cardiac septal defects teratogenesis
48
ethambutol and isoniazid use
tb
49
colchicine use
gout acute flare
50
xanthine oxidase inhibitor example
allopurinol
51
lowering uric acid examples
allopurinol, febuxostat, uricosuric agents, canakinumab
52
uricosuric agents
probenecid, sulphinpyrazone
53
NO use
Plantar Fasciitis
| ankle arthritis
54
methotrexate use
Uveitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, SLE, ANCA associated Vasculitis, GCA, auto-immune myositis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Scleroderma, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, enteropathy arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, ectopic pregnancy
55
methotrexate SE
microcytosis
56
cyclosporine use
Uveitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, psoriatic arthritis
57
anti-TNF use
Uveitis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, enteropathy arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
58
Mydratic and clycloplegic agents use
Uveitis,Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
59
IL-1 antagonist and IL-6 antagonist use
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
60
tocilizumab is an
IL 6 antagonist
61
anakinra is an
IL-6 antagonist
62
bisphosphonate example
zoledronic acid
63
zoledronic acid use
Paget’s disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
osteoporosis
myeloma
64
SE with zoledronic acid
oesophagitis, iritis, uveitis
65
HRT CI
Breast or endometrium cancer, active liver disease, abnormal bleeding
66
HRT SE
Increased risk of Blood Clots, breast cancer, heart disease
67
clomifene is a
Selective oEstrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
68
clomifene use
Osteoporosis, ovulation induction
69
clomifene SE
Hot flushes, increased clotting, lack of protection at hip
70
Monoclonal antibody against RANKL
Denosumab
71
denosumab use
osteoporosis
72
SE of denosumab
Allergy, rash, symptomatic hypocalcaemia
73
teriparatide use
osteoporosis
74
hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide se
SLE, ANCA associated Vasculitis, GCA, auto-immune myositis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Scleroderma
75
anti-B cell therapy agent
rituximab
76
rituximab use
SLE, ANCA associated Vasculitis, GCA, auto-immune myositis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid arthritis, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
77
capsaicin use
topic for OA
78
anti-IL-17 use
ankylosing spondylitis
79
sulfasalazine use
Ankylosing Spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, enteropathy arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
80
Anti-IL-23 use
psoriatic arthritis
81
leflunomide use
psoriatic arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
82
abatacept is a
Anti T cell therapy
83
abatacept is used for
RA
84
oxytocin use
Induction of labour, post partum haemorrhage
85
anti-coagulant examples
heparin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, warfarin
86
platinum and taxane use
ovarian cancer
87
tamoxifen use
Refractory ovarian cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer
88
tamoxifen SE
Thromboembolic
89
anti-hypertensives in pregnancy
labetolol, nifedipine, methyldopa
90
ACEI example
Ramipril
91
pre-eclampsia seizure requires
Hydralazine + IV labetalol
92
medical abortion requires
misoprostol and mifepristone
93
prostaglandin abortion drug
misoprostol
94
mifepristone is an
anti-progestogen
95
ergometrine and carbaprost is used for
Post-partum haemorrhage
96
anti-fibrinolytic drug example
tranexamic acid
97
tranexamic acid use
Post-partum haemorrhage, heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding diathesis, Von Willebrand disease
98
COCP, POP, injectable progestogen, implant and mirena IUS use
Contraception
Endometriosis
heavy menstrual bleeding, PCOS
99
COCP CI
Gall bladder disease, liver tumour
100
COCP SE
DVT, MI, stroke, cervical cancer, breast cancer, breast tenderness, nausea, headache, irregular bleeding, weight gain, mood
101
POP SE
Appetite, hair loss, mood change, bloating, headache, acne, amenorrhea, alters P450 enzymes
102
injectable progestogen SE
Delay to fertility, reversible reduction in bone density, amenorrhea weight gain, problematic bleeding, alters P450 enzymes
103
implant SE
Prolonged bleeding, mood changes, amenorrhea, alters P450 enzymes
104
Mirena IUS SE
Perforation, expulsion, infection risk, amenorrhea
105
Yentreve (duloxetine) use
Urinary incontinence
106
gonadotrophins use
Ovulation induction, endometriosis
107
anti-muscarinic examples
oxybutynin, lyrinel, fesoteridine
108
anti-muscarinic use
overactive bladder syndrome
109
opioids examples
morphine, diamorphine, pethidine, remifentanil
110
prostaglandin inhibitor is
mefenamic acid
111
mefenamic acid use
heavy menstrual bleeding
112
isotretinoin is a
retinoid drug
113
Trastuzumab use
monoclonal antibody against HER-2 breast carcinoma
114
SNRI antidepressants examples
venlafaxine, clonidine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, buproprion
115
SNRI antidepressant use
Menopause symptomatic treatment
depression
anxiety
neuropathic pain
116
venlafaxine SE
Bad discontinuation syndrome, QT prolongation, sexual side effects
117
bupropion SE
Increase seizure risk, doesn’t treat anxiety, potentially abused, agitation, insomnia
118
anti-androgen use
spironolactone
119
spironolactone use
PCOS
120
aromatase inhibitor use
breast cancer
121
aromatase inhibitor examples
letrozole and arimidex
122
anthracycline use
breast cancer
123
CMF use
breast cancer
124
aciclovir use
Herpes, neutropenia prophylaxis
125
lidocaine use
symptomatic herpes
126
podophyllotoxins examples
warticon, condyline for anogenital warts
127
SSRI's examples
paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine
128
SSRI's symptoms
Treat anxiety and depression, panic disorders (not fluoxetine), prolonged grief disorder, OCD, high dose for eating disorders
129
SSRI's SE
GI upset, anxiety, restlessness, nervousness, insomnia, fatigue, sedation, dizziness, discontinuation syndrome, do not start for bipolar
130
TCA's examples
imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, clomipramine
131
TCA's use
Overactive bladder syndrome, Anxiety, PTSD, neuropathic pain
132
TCA's SE
Anticholinergic, antiadrenergic, antihistaminic, lethal in overdose, QT lengthening
133
monoamine oxidase inhibitors use
depression
134
monoamine oxidase inhibitors CI
Tyramine rich foods or sympathomimetics
135
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor SE
Hypertensive crisis, weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbance
136
lithium use
Depression, reducing suicide rate, prophylaxis for mania
137
lithium inv
Requires U+E’s, TSH, pregnancy test, TSH, creatinine monitoring
138
lithium SE
GI distress, reduced appetite, nausea, thyroid abnormalities, leucocytosis, polyuria, har loss, acne. Do not exceed 1.5-2.0 mmol
139
anti-convulsant examples
valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine
140
anticonvulsant use
mania and prophylaxis
141
SE with valproic acid
Thrombocytopenia, platelet, nausea, vomiting, weight, gain, sedation, tremor, hair loss
142
SE with carbamazepine
Rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, sedation, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, AV conduction delays, drug interactions
143
baseline assessments for valproic acid
baseline liver, pregnancy tests, FBC. Need folic acid
144
carbamazepine inv
Baseline liver function tests, FBC, ECG
145
Lamotrigine Se
Sedation, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, toxic epidermal necrolysis, blood dyscrasias
146
typical antipsychotics examples
fluphenazine, haloperidol, pimozide
147
typical antipsychotics use
schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, treatment resistant anxiety, delirium
148
typical antipsychotics SE
Extrapyramidal side effects -> acute dystonia, Parkinson syndrome, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia
149
Low potency typical antipsychotics: examples
chlorpromazine and thioridazine
150
chlorpromazine SE
Cardiotoxic anticholinergic adverse effects, sedation, hypotension
151
atypical antipsychotics examples
risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ariprazole
152
atypical antipsychotics use
schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, treatment resistant anxiety, mania with psychosis
153
low weight anorexia drug
olanzapine
154
SE for risperidone
Extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia, Weight gain and sedation
155
SE for olanzapine
Weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperprolactinemia, abnormal LFT
156
SE for quetiapine
Weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, orthostatic hypotension
157
clozapine use
Treatment resistant patients
| schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, treatment resistant anxiety
158
clozapine SE
Agranulocytosis, risk of seizures, sedation, weight gain, abnormal LFT’s, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
159
anxiolytic example
buspirone
160
buspirone use
panic disorder, generalized Anxiety disorder, substance-related disorders and their withdrawal, insomnias and parasomnias, OCD
161
benzo's use
Used to treat insomnia, parasomnias and anxiety disorders.
| Often used for CNS depressant withdrawal protocols ex. ETOH withdrawal.
162
Benzo's SE
Somnolence, amnesia, cognitive deficits, disinhibition, tolerance, dependence, avoid use for anxiety long term, avoid panic attacks
163
hypnotics examples
zolpidem and zopiclone
164
SE with hypnotics
addictive
165
anti-craving meds for alcohol
naltrexone and nelmefene, baclofen and disulfiram
166
aversion medication for alcohol addiction requires
disulfiram
167
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Requires
thiamine
168
stimulants use
atomoxetine, Ritalin and guanfacine
169
acetylcholinesterase examples
donepezile and rivastigmine, galantamine
170
SE for acetylcholinesterase
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, insomnia, muscle cramps, headaches, dizziness, syncope, breathing problems, delirium
171
acetylcholinesterase use
dementia mild
172
memantine use
dementia severe
173
desmopressin use
moderate haemophilia
174
thrombopoietin analogues use
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP
175
thrombopoietin analogues examples
eltrombopag and romiplostim
176
leukotriene antagonist use and example
airway inflammation in allergy, Montelukast
177
anti-platelets example
aspirin, clopidogrel and abciximab
178
SE of anti-platelets
Can trigger haemolysis in G6PD deficiency, bronchospasm in asthmatics, GI and renal side effects
179
cytokine therapy examples
Pegylated IFN alpha and GM-CSF
180
Pegylated IFN alpha use
melanoma
181
GM-CSF use
neutropenia
182
infliximab is an example of
Anti-TNF therapy
183
infliximab use
Akylosing spondylitis, Chron’s disease, Ulcerative colitis
184
proteasome inhibitor examples
bortezomib and carfilzomib
185
proteasome inhibitor use
myeloma
186
IMiDS examples
lenalidomide and pomalidomide
187
IMiDS use
myeloma
188
Bi-specific T cell engagers and Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells use
Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
189
Bi-specific T cell engagers example
Blinatumumab
190
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells SE
Cytokine release syndrome (ITU), neurotoxic
191
cytotoxic chemotherapy bendmustine and fludarabine use
chronic lymphocytic lymphoma
192
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor examples
midostaurin, ibrutinib and imatinib
193
TKI midostaurin use
Acute myeloblastic leukaemia
194
TKI imatinib use
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
195
ibutinib TKI use
Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma
196
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin,CPX-351, All-trans retinoic acid, Arsenic trioxide , Cytosine arabinoside , Daunorubicin used in
Acute myeloblastic leukaemia
197
hydroxycarbamide use
Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia, sickle cell anaemia
198
JAK 2 inhibitor
Ruxolitinib
199
alpha interferon and ruxolitinib are used in
polycythemia vera
200
anagrelide use
essential thrombocythemia
201
Iron chelation therapy example
Desferrioxamine
202
Desferrioxamine use
Beta thalassaemia major blood transfusions
203
gas induction halothane drug
sevoflurane
204
General anaesthetic induction drugs
Propofol
| Thiopentone
205
vasopressors
Metaraminol
| Noradrenaline
206
inotropes
Adrenaline
| dobutamine
207
tramadol is a
Mixed opiate and 5HT/NA reuptake inhibitor
208
nefopam is a
NMDA R antagonist, 5HT/MA reuptake inhibitor
209
ketamine is a
NMDA receptor antagonist
210
ketamine use
spinal cord target for pain
211
gabapentin is a
anticonvulsant
212
Tamsulosin is a
alpha blocker
213
finasteride is a
anti-androgen
214
drugs for BPH
Tamsulosin
| Finasteride
215
mirabegron is a
Beta 3 adrenoceptor agonists
216
mirabegron use
relax detrusor
