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3rd year mock-exam > 1st and 2nd year > Flashcards

1st and 2nd year Flashcards

1
Q

signs of chronic ventilatory failure

A

Elevated bicarbonate
pco2<6.0kPa
normal blood Ph
pO2 <8kPa

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2
Q

Tx for chronic ventilatory failure

A

oxygen therapy, t-IPPV

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3
Q

symptoms of a pe

A 
Pleuritic chest pain
cough
haemoptysis
dyspnoea
syncope 
cardiac arrest
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4
Q

symptoms of lung cancer

A 
Shortness of breath
wheezing
weight loss 
regular infections 
haemoptysis
pain
Neurological 
Difficulty swallowing
raspy voice 
haematuria
fatigue
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5
Q

COPD symptoms

A

of Weight loss, progressive smoker’s cough , wheeze, chest tightness , breathlessness, coughing up sputum , muscle loss, regular chest infections

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6
Q

Curb 1 Tx

A

clarithromycin and amoxicillin with fluids, and oxygen if necessary

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7
Q

Curb 3-5 Tx

A

Fluids, intubation, ventilation, co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

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8
Q

pneumothorax tx

A

cannula in 2nd intercostal space (IS) in mid-clavicular line – chest drain

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9
Q

MI syptoms

A 
Chest pain
angina
tight band 
radiates to neck and jaw
aggravating with stress
increasing frequency and severity
provoked even at rest
Look unwell
murmur
crackles
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10
Q

aortic regurgitation symptoms

A

Increased LV systolic pressure

large volume and collapsing pulse

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11
Q

mitral stenosis symptoms

A 
Pulmonary odema
embolization
diastolic thrill 
right ventricular heave
prominent JVP a wave 
tapping apex beat
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12
Q

mitral regurgitation symptoms

A

Pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock
JVP prominent
brisk hyperdynamic apex beat
RV heave

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13
Q

valvular heart problems inv

A 
ECG
catheritersation
CXR 
echocardiography
MRI
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14
Q

young person hypertension Tx

A

ACEI

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15
Q

elderly with hypertension tx then

A

CCB +/- thiazide

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16
Q

transmural infarct refers too

A

Stemi

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17
Q

subendocardial infarct refers too

A

NonStemi

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18
Q

test for excluding HF

A

low BNP

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19
Q

tx for HF

A 
Diuretics 
ace inhibitors 
betablockers
aldosterone receptor blockers 
ARNI’s
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20
Q

HF symptoms

A

dyspnoea, oedema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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21
Q

acne vulgaris Tx

A 
Topical retinoids
benzoyl peroxide 
topical antibiotics
azelaic acid
antibiotics tablets
combined oral contraception
Isotretinoin tablet
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22
Q

pemphigus symptoms

A 
Flaccid blisters
face, axillae, groin
\+ nikolsky sign 
mucousal erosion
erosive stomatitis
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23
Q

pemphigoid symptoms

A

Intact epidermis forms roof of blister

intact and tense

24
Q

eczema Tx

A 
soap substitutes
removal of causitive factors 
intermittent topical steroids
antihistamines
antimicrobials 
calcineurin inhibitors
25
psoriasis tx
``` Emollients soap substitutes vitamin D3 analogues topical steroids salicylic acid coal tar creams UVB sun bed retinoid methotrexate ciclosporin biologics ```
26
Addison's symptoms
Weakness, anorexia, skin pigmentation, hypotension, vomiting, diarrhoea, salt craving, postural symptoms
27
Addison's inv
``` Routine bloods U+E, glucose, FBC, random cortisol >550nmol/L synacthen test autoantibodies VLCFA adrenal imaging plasma renin level ```
28
Cushing's symptoms
``` Central obesity hirsutism impotency purple stria plethoric faces easy bruisability osteoporosis personality changes Acne oedema headache poor wound healing skin atrophy ```
29
Cushing's investigations
screen Screen – overnight dex, 24hr urine test confirmation 24hr urine cortisol, low dose ACTH dependent or no – paired morn-midnight ACTH cortisol high dose dex test ACTH pit/ no pit
30
hypothyroid symptoms
``` Weight gain lethargy cold constipation heavy periods dry skin/hair bradycardia slow reflexes goitre severe puffy face, large tongue, hoarseness, coma ```
31
diabetes investigations + values
random >11.1mmol OGTT >1.1mmol HbA1C >40mmol
32
chronic pancreatitis investigations
``` AXR Ultrasound EUS CT blood tests (low albumin, increased glucose, LFT) pancreatic function tests. faecal serum enzymes (elastase) ERCP/MRCP ```
33
UC investigations
``` Albumin <30g/; Hb <10g/dl raised CRP blood tests stool calprotectin biopsy ```
34
UC tx
5ASA, then prednisone, then immunomodulators, then biologic agents then surgery with nutritional support
35
Cd Tx
``` Steroids thiopurines methotrexate biologics feeding surgery ```
36
right sided colon cancer symptoms
anaemia, polypoid, vague pain, weakness, obstruction
37
left sided colon cancer symptoms
bleeding, altered bowel habit, obstruction
38
PBC inv
Raised serum alkaline phosphatase and anti-mitochondrial auto-antibody
39
gall stones symptoms
dyspeptic symptoms biliary colic jaundice (maybe obstructive, painful
40
acute anterior uveitis signs
Hypopyon small irregular pupil past history cells in anterior chamber
41
raised ICP symptoms
``` Headache Nausea seizures pulsatile tinnitus visual disturbance somnolence cognitive impairment altered consciousness pupillary dilation vomiting ```
42
Parkinson's Tx
``` Levodopa MAOB inhibitors COMT inhibitors apomorphine functional neusurgery ```
43
epilepsy signs
Myoclonic jerks in morning, déjà vu, lip smacking, fiddling
44
primary general epileptic seizure Tx for adults
sodium valproate
45
status epilepticus tx
diazepam
46
migraine abortive
aspirin, triptans
47
migraine prophylaxis
propranolol, TCA's
48
meningitis symptoms
``` Stiff neck fever altered mental status photophobia nausea vomiting ```
49
MS inv
``` CSF oligoclonal bands Visual/somatosensory response bloods CXR MRI ```
50
MS disease modifying Tx
injections B interferons, glatiramer acetate, oral dimethyl fumarate
51
MS relapse Tx
prednisolone
52
symptomatic myasthenia gravis tx
AChesterase inhibitor, prednisolone steroid immunoglobulin Thymectomy
53
myasthenia gravis inv
AChR ab Anti MuSK ab neurophysiology CT
54
kidney stone 1st line
1st ESWL then PCNL or lithoclast
55
hyperkalaemia tx
(calcium gluconate, salbutamol, insulin dextrose)

3rd year mock-exam (3 decks)

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