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3rd year mock-exam > 1st and 2nd year > Flashcards

1st and 2nd year Flashcards

1
Q

signs of chronic ventilatory failure

A

Elevated bicarbonate
pco2<6.0kPa
normal blood Ph
pO2 <8kPa

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2
Q

Tx for chronic ventilatory failure

A

oxygen therapy, t-IPPV

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3
Q

symptoms of a pe

A 
Pleuritic chest pain
cough
haemoptysis
dyspnoea
syncope 
cardiac arrest
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4
Q

symptoms of lung cancer

A 
Shortness of breath
wheezing
weight loss 
regular infections 
haemoptysis
pain
Neurological 
Difficulty swallowing
raspy voice 
haematuria
fatigue
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5
Q

COPD symptoms

A

of Weight loss, progressive smoker’s cough , wheeze, chest tightness , breathlessness, coughing up sputum , muscle loss, regular chest infections

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6
Q

Curb 1 Tx

A

clarithromycin and amoxicillin with fluids, and oxygen if necessary

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7
Q

Curb 3-5 Tx

A

Fluids, intubation, ventilation, co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin

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8
Q

pneumothorax tx

A

cannula in 2nd intercostal space (IS) in mid-clavicular line – chest drain

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9
Q

MI syptoms

A 
Chest pain
angina
tight band 
radiates to neck and jaw
aggravating with stress
increasing frequency and severity
provoked even at rest
Look unwell
murmur
crackles
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10
Q

aortic regurgitation symptoms

A

Increased LV systolic pressure

large volume and collapsing pulse

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11
Q

mitral stenosis symptoms

A 
Pulmonary odema
embolization
diastolic thrill 
right ventricular heave
prominent JVP a wave 
tapping apex beat
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12
Q

mitral regurgitation symptoms

A

Pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock
JVP prominent
brisk hyperdynamic apex beat
RV heave

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13
Q

valvular heart problems inv

A 
ECG
catheritersation
CXR 
echocardiography
MRI
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14
Q

young person hypertension Tx

A

ACEI

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15
Q

elderly with hypertension tx then

A

CCB +/- thiazide

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16
Q

transmural infarct refers too

A

Stemi

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17
Q

subendocardial infarct refers too

A

NonStemi

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18
Q

test for excluding HF

A

low BNP

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19
Q

tx for HF

A 
Diuretics 
ace inhibitors 
betablockers
aldosterone receptor blockers 
ARNI’s
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20
Q

HF symptoms

A

dyspnoea, oedema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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21
Q

acne vulgaris Tx

A 
Topical retinoids
benzoyl peroxide 
topical antibiotics
azelaic acid
antibiotics tablets
combined oral contraception
Isotretinoin tablet
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22
Q

pemphigus symptoms

A 
Flaccid blisters
face, axillae, groin
\+ nikolsky sign 
mucousal erosion
erosive stomatitis
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23
Q

pemphigoid symptoms

A

Intact epidermis forms roof of blister

intact and tense

24
Q

eczema Tx

A 
soap substitutes
removal of causitive factors 
intermittent topical steroids
antihistamines
antimicrobials 
calcineurin inhibitors
25
Q

psoriasis tx

A 
Emollients
soap substitutes
vitamin D3 analogues
topical steroids
salicylic acid
coal tar creams 
UVB sun bed 
retinoid
methotrexate
ciclosporin
biologics
26
Q

Addison’s symptoms

A

Weakness, anorexia, skin pigmentation, hypotension, vomiting, diarrhoea, salt craving, postural symptoms

27
Q

Addison’s inv

A 
Routine bloods U+E, glucose, FBC, random cortisol >550nmol/L
synacthen test 
autoantibodies
VLCFA 
adrenal imaging 
plasma renin level
28
Q

Cushing’s symptoms

A 
Central obesity
hirsutism
impotency
purple stria 
plethoric faces
easy bruisability 
osteoporosis
personality changes
Acne
oedema 
headache
poor wound healing 
skin atrophy
29
Q

Cushing’s investigations

A

screen Screen – overnight dex, 24hr urine test
confirmation 24hr urine cortisol, low dose
ACTH dependent or no – paired morn-midnight ACTH cortisol
high dose dex test ACTH pit/ no pit

30
Q

hypothyroid symptoms

A 
Weight gain
lethargy
cold
constipation
heavy periods
dry skin/hair
bradycardia
slow reflexes
goitre
severe puffy face, large tongue, hoarseness, coma
31
Q

diabetes investigations + values

A

random >11.1mmol
OGTT >1.1mmol

HbA1C >40mmol

32
Q

chronic pancreatitis investigations

A 
AXR
Ultrasound
EUS 
CT
blood tests (low albumin, increased glucose, LFT)
pancreatic function tests.
faecal serum enzymes (elastase)
ERCP/MRCP
33
Q

UC investigations

A 
Albumin <30g/;
Hb <10g/dl 
raised CRP
blood tests 
stool calprotectin
biopsy
34
Q

UC tx

A

5ASA, then prednisone, then immunomodulators, then biologic agents then surgery with nutritional support

35
Q

Cd Tx

A 
Steroids
thiopurines
methotrexate
biologics
feeding 
surgery
36
Q

right sided colon cancer symptoms

A

anaemia, polypoid, vague pain, weakness, obstruction

37
Q

left sided colon cancer symptoms

A

bleeding, altered bowel habit, obstruction

38
Q

PBC inv

A

Raised serum alkaline phosphatase and anti-mitochondrial auto-antibody

39
Q

gall stones symptoms

A

dyspeptic symptoms
biliary colic
jaundice (maybe obstructive, painful

40
Q

acute anterior uveitis signs

A

Hypopyon
small irregular pupil
past history
cells in anterior chamber

41
Q

raised ICP symptoms

A 
Headache
Nausea
seizures
pulsatile tinnitus
visual disturbance
somnolence
cognitive impairment
altered consciousness
pupillary dilation
vomiting
42
Q

Parkinson’s Tx

A 
Levodopa 
MAOB inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
apomorphine 
functional neusurgery
43
Q

epilepsy signs

A

Myoclonic jerks in morning, déjà vu, lip smacking, fiddling

44
Q

primary general epileptic seizure Tx for adults

A

sodium valproate

45
Q

status epilepticus tx

A

diazepam

46
Q

migraine abortive

A

aspirin, triptans

47
Q

migraine prophylaxis

A

propranolol, TCA’s

48
Q

meningitis symptoms

A 
Stiff neck 
fever
altered mental status
photophobia
nausea
vomiting
49
Q

MS inv

A 
CSF oligoclonal bands
Visual/somatosensory response
bloods
CXR
MRI
50
Q

MS disease modifying Tx

A

injections B interferons, glatiramer acetate, oral dimethyl fumarate

51
Q

MS relapse Tx

A

prednisolone

52
Q

symptomatic myasthenia gravis tx

A

AChesterase inhibitor, prednisolone
steroid
immunoglobulin
Thymectomy

53
Q

myasthenia gravis inv

A

AChR ab
Anti MuSK ab
neurophysiology
CT

54
Q

kidney stone 1st line

A

1st ESWL then PCNL or lithoclast

55
Q

hyperkalaemia tx

A

(calcium gluconate, salbutamol, insulin dextrose)

3rd year mock-exam (3 decks)

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