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MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

ACE Inhibitors (5)

A
  1. End in -pril (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril)
  2. Watch for angioedema
  3. Potassium sparing diuretic used to treat HTN; do not use potassium supplmenets
  4. Less effective in A.A.
  5. Common side effect is cough, but often not d/c for that
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2
Q

Adrenergics (3)

A
  1. DA, NE, Epi, Dobutamine
  2. Treats circulation problems, shock, serious hypotension or low HR/CO, heart bock
  3. BEFORE DA INFUSION YOU MUST DETERMINE PATENCY OF LINE to prevent extravasation
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3
Q

Acetaminophen (4)

A
  1. Watch liver
  2. Do no take with alcohol
  3. Do not take if hepatitis or cirrhosis
  4. OK in children
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4
Q

Aspirin (5)

A
  1. Increases bleeding time by decreasing platelet aggregation
  2. C/I with bleeding disorders, NSAID allergy, active bleeding, children (can cause Reye’s in children), pregnancy
  3. Do not crush, chew, break, or open enteric-coated pill
  4. Take with food
  5. Signs of overdose: GI distress, hyperventilation, epistaxis
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5
Q

NSAID

A
  1. NEPHROTOXIC; stomach bleeding, kidney problems, increased risk of heart problems
  2. Can cause fluid retention
  3. C/I with bleeding
  4. Naproxen sodium, Ibuprofen, Ketoralac, Indomethacin, celecoxib
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6
Q

Indomethacin and Celecoxib patient safety

A

KNOW SERUM CREATININE; very powerful NSAIDs, patient should only receive up to 6 doses

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7
Q

Oxycodone

A

CONTAINS ASPIRIN

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8
Q

Losartan

A

ARB; watch for angioedema

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9
Q

Ant-ianginals (5)

A
  1. Nitroglycerine
  2. Isosorbide
  3. Check expiration date
  4. Place under tongue
  5. Remove nitro patches before defibrillating
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10
Q

Busipirone

A

Anti-anxiety; don’t use within 14 days of MAOI

S/E: light-headed, confusion, hypotension, palpitations

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11
Q

Benzodiazpeine pertinent info (5)

A

Chlordiazepoxide, Alazopram, Lorazepam, Diazepam, Clonazepam

  1. CANNOT USE WITH GLAUCOMA
  2. Must tamper off
  3. Usually end in -pam, except Chlordiazepoxide
  4. Midazolam can be used before cardioversion
  5. Smoking/caffiene decreases effect of the med
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12
Q

Amiodarone (4)

A
  1. Anti-arrhythmic; vtach, vfib
  2. High in salt
  3. Wear sunglasses and sunscreen
  4. Watch liver
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13
Q

Atropine (5)

A
  1. Used for bradycardia
  2. C/I IN GLAUCOMA
  3. Can also treat rigidity, tremor, excess salivation, and sweating caused by Parkinson’s
  4. AVOID BECOMING OVERHEATED; increased risk of heat stroke due to decreased sweating
  5. Don’t take if you have a blockage in urinary tract
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14
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Used for AV heart block, shock, heart attack, CHF

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15
Q

Lidocaine

A

Used for PVCs

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16
Q

Procainamide

A

Anti-arrhythmic

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17
Q

Penicillin, Amoxicillin (3)

A
  1. Take on empty stomach (1 hour before meal or 2-3 hours after)
  2. S/E: stomatitis, allergy, diarrhea, renal and hepatic changes
  3. Multiple exposures increase risk; nurse should ask about history
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18
Q

Cephalosporins (3)

A
  1. Watch for super-infection and rash!
  2. Take with food!!
  3. Monitor tongue/oral cavity
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19
Q

Sulfonamides (5 S/E, 4 nursing care)

A

Acetyl sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoazole

  1. WATCH FOR RASH (Steven Johnsons)
    - End up on burn unit and can cause HTN
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. GI upset
  5. Stomatitis

Nursing care:

  1. STAY OUT OF SUN
  2. Take with food
  3. Increase fluids due to crystalluria side effect
  4. Good oral care
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20
Q

Tetracycline (5)

A
  1. Take on empty stomach with full glass of water
  2. S/E discoloration of teeth in children; contraindicated
  3. Photosensitivity; sunscreen, etc.
  4. NEVER take with milk or antacids
  5. Always check expiration date
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21
Q

Ciproflaxin (5)

A

Fluroquinolone antibiotic

  1. Decreases WBC and HCT, elevates liver enzymes
  2. ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE
  3. Fine macular rash indicates hypersensitivity rxn
  4. Can be taken with Probetacid (gout medication) to help it work better
  5. Take 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after
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22
Q

Macrolide Antibiotics (5)

A

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin

  1. Monitor liver function
  2. Increases effects of Coumadin and Theophilline
  3. TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH WITH FULL GLASS OF WATER, NOT JUICE
  4. Hepatotixic
  5. CAN CAUSE CONFUSION
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23
Q

Aminoglycosides (know all 4 types and 6 info)

A
  1. Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin

MYCIN – MICE – EARS – KIDNEY

  1. Nephrotoxic
  2. Ototoxic
  3. Check 8th cranial nerve function
  4. Take only for 7-10 days
  5. Increase fluid intake
  6. Check renal function
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24
Q

Heparin normal PTT and antidote

A

60-70 seconds

Antidote: protamine sulfate

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25
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anti-convulsant; causes bone marrow suppression, check platelet and Hgb

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26
Q

Divalproex Sodium

A

Depakote; increased risk of bleeding

27
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Anti-convulsant; Risk of steven johnson’s; stop medication at first sign of blister

28
Q

Topiramate

A

Anti-convulsant; C/I with hormonal contraceptives

29
Q

MAOIs (3 and 2 pertinent info)

A
  1. Phenelzine
  2. Isocaroxazid
  3. Tranylcypromine
  4. 2-3 week period between switching anti-depressants
  5. AVOID TYRAMINE (HTN crisis)
30
Q

SSRIs (4 and 7 info)

A
  1. Fluoxetine
  2. Citalpram
  3. Sertaline
  4. Paroxetine
  5. Watch for serotonin syndrome
  6. Don’t take medication before bed
  7. Assess for renal toxicity in older clients
31
Q

TCAs (2 and 2 info)

A
  1. Imipramine
  2. Amitryptyline
  3. Only get one week supply; dangerous suicidal side effect
  4. Watch for serotonin syndrome
32
Q

Trazodone

A

Anti-depressant; can give you priapism (prolonged or inappropriate erection –> hold and contact HCP)

33
Q

Prochlorperazine (3)

A
  1. Anti-emetic and anti-psychotic
  2. Can cause orthostatic hypotension and drowsiness
  3. Incompatible in a syringe with all other meds
34
Q

Two anti-emetics

A
  1. Promethazine

2. Metoclopramide

35
Q

Anti-histamines/Anti-cholinergics (4)

A
  1. Diphenhydramine - client should remain in bed for 3-4h
  2. Benztropine
  3. Biperiden
  4. Pyrodostigime

ALL C/I WITH GLAUCOMA

36
Q

Biperiden (5)

A
  1. May cause blurred vision, diziness, constipation
    S/E OF DRY MOUTH:
  2. Suck on sugarless hard candy
  3. Drink fluids
  4. Practice good dental hygiene
  5. Used as PRN medication to counteract extrapyramidal effects
37
Q

Pyriodostigime

A

Treats myasthenia gravis; improves nerve impulses

*Administer to a patient who reports difficulty chewing (airway!!)

38
Q

Methotrexate, Fluorouacil (5)

A

Anti-neoplastics

  1. No carbonated drinks or vitamin C
  2. Taken once or twice per week NOT EVERY DAY
  3. Decreases blood cell count and can cause bone marrow suppression
  4. C/I IN PREGNANCY; need multiple forms of BC
  5. WATCH LIVER PROBLEMS- nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, feeling tired, anorexia, dark urine, clay colored stools, jaundice
39
Q

Cisplatin, Busalfan (4)

A

Anti-neoplastics

  1. OTOTOXIC
  2. Encourage increased fluids (8-10 glasses/day)
  3. Use soft tooth brush
  4. Watch FVD with diarrhea
40
Q

Vincristine, Vinblastine (5)

A

Anti-neoplastics

  1. Loss of deep tendon reflexes; check reflexes
  2. Causes bone marrow suppression and decreased platelets (bleeding and infection risk)
  3. MAKE SURE IV IS PATENT
  4. Given with Zyloprim to decrease uric acid
  5. May cause constipation and dizziness
41
Q

Anti-Parkinsons (4 types and 3 info)

A
  1. Bromocriptine
  2. Benzatropine
  3. Trihexyphenidyl
  4. Carbidopalevodopa
  5. ANTI-CHOLINERGIC; dry mouth, urinary retention, dizziness, ataxia
  6. Avoid use of CNS depressants
  7. Large does of vitamin B6 reverses the effects; check diet
42
Q

Antiplatelets (3 and 3 info)

A
  1. Clopidrogel
  2. Aspirin
  3. Dipyridamole
  4. Check for bleeding! watch when brushing teeth and do guaiac test
  5. GIVE WTIH FOOD OR MILK
  6. No garlic, ginko, giner
43
Q

Antidote for oculogyric crisis

A

Benzatropine

44
Q

Anti-psychotic side effects (4)

A
  1. Extrapyramidal (tremor, shuffling, akinesia, akathasia, dystonia)
  2. Oculogyric crisis – give benzatropine
  3. Tardive dyskinesia (irreversible)
  4. Risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
45
Q

How do you fix extrapyramidal side effects? (3)

A
  1. Artane
  2. Benadryl
  3. Cogentin

ABC

46
Q

Anti-Psychotic Info

A
  1. Usually ends in -azine, -ine, -done
    * Also haloperidol and lithium
  2. Avoid alcohol and caffeine
  3. Clozapine, Risperidone have photosensitivy
  4. Slows growth in children; monitor nutrition
  5. Never give prochlorperazine to geriatric patients
47
Q

Perphenazine (5)

A
  1. Tx Schizophrenia
  2. May cause heart problems
  3. Photosensitivity
  4. May lower ability to fight infection
  5. Contact doctor if breasts enlarge; increases prolactin in blood
48
Q

Lithium (4)

A
  1. MAINTAIN NORMAL NA LEVELS (hyponatremia potentiates lithium toxicity)
  2. Encourage client to increase fluids because increased urine output is a side effect
  3. CANNOT GET DEHYDRATED
  4. Coarse hand tremor is a danger sign
49
Q

Clozapine (4)

A
  1. Risk of agranulocytosis; WBC may fall extremely low
  2. Notify HCP with any signs of infection
  3. High occurrence of HTN and seizures
  4. May cause drooling, which is a risk of aspiration
50
Q

What is given for peripheral neuritis?

A

Vitamin B6

think with TB meds; isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol

51
Q

Bone-reabsorption inhibitors (3 and 3 info)

A
  1. Alendronate
  2. Risedronate
  3. Ibandronate
    (AND IN -ONATE)
  4. Used for osteoporosis and Paget’s
  5. S/E is esophagitis; must sit down for 30 minutes after taking the medication
  6. Take first thing in the morning without any food
52
Q

Bronchodilators (4 and 4 info)

A
  1. Aminophylline
  2. Albuterol
  3. Terbutaline - also used for preterm labor
  4. Ipratroprium Bromide
  5. May aggravate diabetes!! Increases BS
  6. Monitor BP and HR
  7. Use bronchodilators before corticosteroids
  8. Can be used for COPD and Asthma
53
Q

Calcium channel blockers (3 and info on each)

A
  1. Verapamil
    * MUST CHECK HR before giving
    * Assess for peripheral edema
  2. Nifedipine
    * Extended release form
    * May contain lactose; check for lactose allergy
    * Do not crush, chew, or break ER-tablet; swallow hole
  3. Nimodipine; osmotic diuretic used for subdural hemorrhage and dull, throbbing headache
54
Q

Digoxin (7)

A
  1. Keep in 0.5-2.0 range
  2. S/E: bradycardia, N/V, visual disturbances
  3. Must take apical pulse before admin, hold if
55
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldactone

Potassium-SPARING diuretic; avoid overabundance of potassium

56
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide

A

Potassium-wasting diuretic

*Monitor potassium levels; increase potassium intake (ex: dried apricots, bananas)

57
Q

Mannitol (6)

A

osmotic diuretic

S/E:

  1. Dizziness
  2. Orthostatic hypotension
  3. Leukopenia (decreased WBC)
  4. Take in AM with food or milk
  5. Looking for increased urinary output or decreased ICP
  6. Watch potassium levels
58
Q

Furosemide (4)

A

LOOP DIURETIC; potassium-wasting

  1. Assess for muscular weakness
  2. Watch potassium levels/signs of hypokalemia
  3. Used in emergency situations because it can be given IV; works within minutes
  4. Can also be given PO; works within 30 minutes; need to know this due to safety issues of going to the bathroom
59
Q

Os-Cal

A

Used for fluid and electrolyte replacement and osteoporosis

*Can cause bone, nerve, and coagulation issues

60
Q

Eye medications (5 and 2 info)

A
  1. Tearisol
  2. Tetrahydrozoline
  3. Opthalamic
  4. Liquifilm
  5. Timolol maleate
  • Apply light pressure on lacrimal sac for 1 minute after instilling drops; want to decrease systemic absorption
  • Monitor BP and pulse
61
Q

MIOTICS (2 and 5 info)

A

MIOTICS: shorter word causes CONSTRICTION

  1. Pilocarpine
  2. Physostigmine
  3. Causes constriction
  4. Used for ocular surgery and open-angle glaucoma
  5. Avoid sunlight
  6. May experience transient brow pain and myopia
  7. S/E: headache, photophobia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction
62
Q

MYADRIATICS (2 and 5 info)

A

MYADRIACTICS: longer word causes DILATION

  1. Atropine
  2. Cyclopentolate
  3. ANTI-CHOLINERGIC; c/i with glaucoma!!
  4. Used before diagnostic eye exams
  5. Don’t drive home after exam
  6. S/E: tachy, blurred vision, photophobia, dry mouth
  7. Wear dark glassess
63
Q

H2 receptor blockers (2 and 6 info)

A
  1. Cimetidine
  2. Ranitidine
  3. Take with meals and before bed!
  4. Smoking decreases effects
  5. Monitor LFTs and CBC
  6. May experience diarrhea at first, usually subsides
  7. Call HCP if acne-like rash
  8. S/E: dizziness, confusion, hypotension, impotence
64
Q

Sucralfate (3)

A
  1. Used for duodenal ulcers
  2. Take before meals and without other medications
  3. S/E constipation, flatulence, VERTIGO

NCLEX (3 decks)

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