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Meds > meds > Flashcards

meds Flashcards

1
Q

seizures

A

acute phase: valium or ativan

prevention: Phenytoin “Dilantin”

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2
Q

Dilantin

A

admin slowly
will precipitate in D5W
monitor for dysrhythmias, respiratory fxn
monitor serum levels (Therapeutic range 10-20 mg/L
osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, gingival hyperplasia, nystagms

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3
Q

Panic and generalized anxiety disorder

A
  1. benzodiazepines (Xanax (Alprazolam), Valium (Diazepam), Ativan (Lorazepam)
  2. buspar
  3. antidepressants (prozac and zoloft) TCA’s SSRIs, SNRIs
  4. Anti HTN (propranolol and clonidine
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4
Q

phobia

A

antianxiety: Benzodiazepams
antidepressants (tofranil=imipramine=TCA and Nardil=phenezine=MAOI)
anti-HTN (propranolol and atenolol)

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5
Q

HSV

A

acyclovir (Zovirax)

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6
Q

MS

A

Interferon beta-1a (Avonex): flu like symptoms
Copaxone: decreases the number of plaques; increases time between relapses
Methylprednisone: administered for acute exacerbations
Benzodiazepines for spasticity
bowel and bladder issues may require anticholinergics and alpha-adrenergic blockers, and antispasmotic agents

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7
Q

OCD

A

SSRI: SE sleep disturbances, HA, restlessness

Clomipramine (TCA) is more selective for serotonin reuptake than any other TCA

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8
Q

Body Dysmorphic DO

A

Antidepressants: clomipramine and Prozac

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9
Q

Trichotillomania

A 
chlorpromazine
amitriptyline
lithium
SSRI's Pimozide
Olanzapine
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10
Q

PTSD

A

SSRI’s and group therapy

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11
Q

depression

A

TCA’s=”ipramine” Elavil, Tofranil (imipramine)
MAOI’s Nardil (Phenelzine)
SSRI’s: Prozac (Fluoxetine), Zoloft (Sertaline), Paxil, Lexapro

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12
Q

BiPolar DO

A

antimanic: Lithium
anticonvulsants: carbamazepine (tegretol)
Clonazepam
Valproic Acid (50-150 mcg/mL)
Gabapentin
CCB’s: Verapamil
Antipyschotics: Olanzapine
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Seroquel
Risperdal

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13
Q

Somatice Symptom DO and Illness Anxiety

A

TCA, SNRI’s venlafaxin and duloxetine
anticonvulsants: Phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamezepine (Tegretol), Clonazepam (Klonopin) to treat neuropathic and neuralgic pains

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14
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

IV amobarbital is useful to retrieve lost memories

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15
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A 
Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon) prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine
Plasma Phoresis (plasma exchange to reduce circulating antibodies)
IV immunoglobulin
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16
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

analgesics and corticosteriods

protect the eye bc of paralysis (cover eye at night)

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17
Q

CCB’s

A

HA, hypotension, dizziness, edema, nausea, constipation, tachycardia, HF, DRY COUGH
avoid grapefruit juice, take before meals, high fat meals may elevate serum levels

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18
Q

ACE Inhibitors PRILS

A

useful with clients diagnosed with diabetes
proteinuria, neutropenia, skin rash, cough
observe for acute renal failure, remain in bed 3 hours after first dose

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19
Q

ARBS SARTANS

A

hypotension, fatigue, hepatitis, renal failure, hyperkalemia

monitor liver enzymes, electrolytes, monitor for angioedema if ACE inhibitor was taken previously

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20
Q

Beta Blockers OLOL’S

A

bradycardia, fatigue, insomnia, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL
check apical or radial pulse daily, do not dc abruptly, watch for SOB and give cautiously if bronchospasm, may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, contraindicated if asthma

21
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg) is a combined alpha/beta blocker

A

produces decrease in BP without reflex tachycardia or bradycardia

22
Q

Alpha blockers ZOSINs

A

peripheral vasodilator used in extreme HTN of pheochromocytoma
SE: orthostatis hypotension, weakness, palpitations

23
Q

Thiazide diuretics
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide

A

to decrease fluid volume by increasing excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride; useful in severe HTN and enhances other antihypertensives
hypokalemia–> digoxin toxicity, glucose intolerance, administer potassium supplements and encourage increased foods with potassium

24
Q

Loop Diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide (Demadex)
Bumetanide (Bumex)

A 
rapid action (work when thiazides fail)
hypokalemia--> digoxin toxicity, glucose intolerance, encourage increased potassium intake
25
Q

Hypokalemia symptoms

A

dry mouth, thirst, weakness, drowsiness, lethargy, muscle aches, tachycardia

26
Q 
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Amiloride (Midamor)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
Eplerenone (Inspra)
A

hyperkalemia and renal failure (esp if ACE inhibitors or NSAIDs)
gynecomastia
increases lithium levels
give AFTER meals to decrease GI upset

27
Q

Heparin

A

administered SC or IV as an antagonist to thrombin to prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
hemorrhage, agranulocytosis leukopenia, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia
Assess PTT, Hbg, Hct, platelets
assess stools for occult blood
notify anyone performing diagnostic test of medication
Antagonist: Protamine sulfate

28
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

blocks the formation of prothrombin from vit K
hemorrhage, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, hepatitis
Assess PT
antagonist: vit K

29
Q

TCA SE

A

dry mouth, constipation, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, decreased seizure threshold

30
Q

MAOI symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis

A

occipital HA, palpitations, N/V, nuchal rigidity, fever, sweating, increased BP, chest pain, coma–> Hypertensive crisis
avoid tyramine and OTC cold meds and diet pills

31
Q

Initial signs of lithium toxicity

A

mild: blurred vision, ataxia, tinnitus, n/v/d
Med: excessive dilute urine output, increasing tremors, muscular irritability, phychomotor retardation, mental confusion, giddiness
Hight: impaired consciousness, nystagmus, seizures, coma, oliguria, arrhythymias, MI, cardiovascular collapse

32
Q

Prozac special instructions

A

symptom relief is not immediate

avoid migraine drugs called triptans

33
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

changes in mental status, restlessness, muscle jerks, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, High BP, diaphoresis, shivering, tremors
physician may prescribe meds to block serotonin receptors, relieve hyperthermia and muscle rigidity, and prevent seizures. Cyproheptadine (a histamine 1 receptor blocker) often is used to treat SS

34
Q

No smoking

A

with TCA’s

35
Q

No alcohol

A

with antidepressants

36
Q

trazodone

A

prolonged erection

37
Q

Anticonvulsants SE
clonazepam, carbamazepine (Tegretol), Valproic Acid (deptakote), Gabapentin (Neurontin), Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Oxcarbazepine

A 
n/v
drowsiness, dizziness
blood dyscrasias
prolonged bleeding time (valproic Acid)
risk of severe rash (lamotrigine)
decreased efficacy of BCP's (topiramate)
risk of suicide with all antiepileptic drugs
38
Q

Antipsychotics SE

Aripiprazole (abilify), Chlorpromazine, Olanzapine, Seroquel, Risperdal

A 
drowsiness, dizziness
dry mouth, constipation
increases appetite, weight gain
ECG changes
EPS
Hyperglycemia and diabetes
smoking increases metabolism of antipsychotic drugs
39
Q

antianxiety SE

A

drowsiness, confusion, lethargy
tolerance
potentiates effects of other CNS depressants (no concommitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants)
orthostatic hypotension
paradoxical excitement-notify physician immediately
dry mouth
n/v: take with food or milk
blood dyscrasias-sore throat, fever, malaise, easy bruising, or unusual bleeding should be reported to the physician immediately
decreased effects with smoking or caffeine

40
Q

daunorubicin and doxorubicin

A

anthracycline class of anticancer drugs which are known to cause Dilated Cardiomyopathy

41
Q

Methotrexate

A

treats RA (administered weekly)_
immunosuppressive agent
cytotoxic
monitor pt for mouth sores, pneumonitis, liver inflammation, and bone marrow suppression
take with folic acid 1mg/day to decrease toxicity (Methotrexate inhibits degradation of folic acid, which inhibits DNA synthesis of inflammatory cells)
evaluate renal fxn before therapy
n/d and stomatitis are common
teach pt s/sx of pneumonitis, a serious side effect

42
Q

hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

treats RA, inform pt of need for eye exams before therapy and q6mos-retinal damage may cause blindness

43
Q

Sulfasalazine (azulfidine)

A

treats RA, assess for sulfa allergy, monitor for neurologic and GI toxicity, leukopenia, anemia, and SJS
educate pt about need for CBC and liver fxn tests throughout therapy

44
Q

Azathioprine (Imuran)

A

treats RA; immunosuppressant; monitor for blood dyscrasias, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. CBC is necessary as a baseline and throughout treatment

45
Q

Adalimumab (HUmira)

A

treats RA; monotherapy or combined with methotrexate; SC injections weekly; monitor for URI, CHF, optic neuritis, increased risk of infection, development of autoantibodies

46
Q

sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)

A

encourage fluids as sulfa crystallizes in kidney if dehydrated
treats IBD

47
Q

mesalamine

A

rectal administration for IBD

check kidney fxn, cause blood disorders in older adults, SE severe ha sudden severe stomach pain

48
Q

imuran

A

watch for bone marrow toxicity (immunosuppressant)

Meds (3 decks)

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