Meds Flashcards
Warfarin (Coumadin) – Key Nutritional Considerations
Keep Vitamin K intake consistent (found in leafy greens). Avoid high doses of vitamin A & E (increase bleeding risk). Cranberry, garlic, and ginger supplements may enhance anticoagulant effect.
Loop Diuretics (Furosemide, Bumetanide) – Nutritional Impact
Depletes potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium. May require potassium-rich foods or supplementation. Can cause dehydration.
Thiazide Diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide) – Nutritional Impact
Decreases potassium and magnesium. Increases calcium absorption (risk of hypercalcemia). Encourage potassium-rich foods.
Lithium – Dietary Considerations
Sodium intake must be stable – low sodium increases lithium toxicity. Caffeine can decrease lithium levels. Hydration is important.
MAOIs (Nardil, Parnate) – Food Interactions
Avoid tyramine-rich foods (aged cheese, cured meats, fermented foods). Can cause hypertensive crisis if tyramine intake is too high.
Metformin – Nutritional Considerations
May cause B12 deficiency with long-term use. Can cause GI distress; take with food. Monitor blood glucose levels.
Statins (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin) – Nutritional Considerations
Avoid grapefruit juice (can increase drug levels). May deplete CoQ10; consider supplementation.
Corticosteroids (Prednisone) – Nutritional Effects
Increases appetite & weight gain. Increases blood glucose (can induce hyperglycemia). Causes calcium loss (risk of osteoporosis).
Phenytoin (Dilantin) – Nutritional Considerations
Decreases folate, vitamin D, and calcium. Hold tube feeds 1-2 hours before and after administration.
Levodopa (Sinemet) – Food & Nutrient Interactions
Protein competes with absorption – take on an empty stomach. Avoid excess vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) unless prescribed.
Propofol – Caloric Contribution & Considerations
Provides 1.1 kcal/mL from lipid-based emulsion. Monitor triglycerides (can increase serum lipids). Risk of propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS).
Isoniazid (TB Medication) – Nutritional Effects
Depletes vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) → risk of peripheral neuropathy. Avoid tyramine- and histamine-rich foods (aged cheese, cured meats). Best absorbed on an empty stomach.
Methotrexate – Nutrient Depletions & Considerations
Folate antagonist → requires folate supplementation. Can cause GI distress, liver toxicity. Monitor renal function.
Orlistat (Weight Loss Drug) – Nutritional Effects
Inhibits fat absorption → may cause steatorrhea. Decreases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Recommend multivitamin with fat-soluble vitamins.
Cyclosporine & Tacrolimus – Nutritional Considerations
Immunosuppressants used post-transplant. Increase potassium, blood glucose, blood pressure. Can cause hyperlipidemia.
Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) – Food Interactions
Binds to calcium, iron, magnesium → decreases absorption. Avoid dairy, antacids, and iron supplements within 2 hours. Take on an empty stomach if possible.
ACE Inhibitors (Lisinopril) – Potassium Effects
Increases potassium levels – avoid excess potassium intake. Monitor for hyperkalemia (especially with renal disease). May cause hypotension.
Metronidazole (Flagyl) – Dietary Considerations
Avoid alcohol – can cause severe nausea/vomiting (disulfiram-like reaction). May cause metallic taste, GI distress. Take with food if GI upset occurs.
GLP-1 Agonists (Ozempic, Wegovy) – Nutritional Effects
Delays gastric emptying → early satiety. May cause nausea, GI distress. Used for diabetes & weight loss.
Spironolactone – Potassium-Sparing Diuretic Considerations
Increases potassium – avoid high-potassium foods. May cause gynecomastia (in males), dehydration. Monitor kidney function.
Bisphosphonates (Alendronate, Risedronate) – Administration Guidelines
Take on an empty stomach with water. Remain upright for 30-60 minutes after taking (prevents esophagitis). Avoid calcium, magnesium, and iron supplements around dosing.
