Medieval Test Flashcards
When does the Byzantine Empire fall and to who
1453 to Ottoman empire
What year did the Western (Roman) Empire fall?
476
What is the Praetorian Guard
the roman emperors personal bodyguards
What is the Oath of Homage
a pledge of loyalty to their lord, usually to fight for them
What was the Oath of Fealty
implied lesser obligations than “homage,” it stated the vassal would support his lords’ court decisions
What is the Battle of Hastings
When King Edward of England died, there was a battle between William and Harold for the title
What is the Doomsday Book?
When King William brought feudalism to England, he created the Doomsday Book to access the value of all of England
Peasants home were build of…
wattle and daub (walls were thin lattice, smeared with mud, manure, and straw)
What guild was the most powerful?
Mason
What age did people normally get married?
12 yrs for girls, 14 for boys
What are the Papal States?
a collection of territories in central Italy that were ruled by the catholic church
Which pope was good?
Pope Gregory Vii
Which pope was bad?
Pope Innocent III
What is Interdict?
a severe penalty from the church, prohibited someone from participating in church functions or receiving church privileges
How long did fairs last?
4-6 weeks
What were the “police” of fairs called?
Guards of the Fair
What were money changers?
they were merchants who either exchanged coins or purchased goods for people to have coinage at the fair
Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?
was married to the king of France, held control over the Duchy of Aquitaine
Who was Hildegard of Bingen?
was a Benedictine abbess in Germany, she is considered the founder of scientific natural history within history
Who was Joan of Arc
was a 13-year-old peasant who convinced the French
king that God would lead her to victory at Orleans. In a later
battle, she is captured and tried by the English for heresy. She
was burned at the stake in 1431. Sainted in 1920
Who was Matilda of Tuscany?
was a powerful figure in Italy in 11 th
century. She controlled Tuscany and other central Italian lands.
She helped to broker the forgiveness of Henry IV
What was the investiture controversy?
a conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and European monarchs over the power to appoint church officials
What was the Battle of Stamford?
The last battle the Vikings fought against Britain
What did the Mongols reestablish?
The Silk Road
Which was the only successful crusade?
The 1st
What are the crusader states?
Edessa, Antinoch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem
What did the 4th crusade result in?
Pope Innocent III declared all that took part excommunicated, as they had sack a Christian city (Constantinople)
What are letters of credit?
documents that allowed people to deposit and withdraw money from Templar houses across Europe
What are cheques?
would allow the holder to cash
at a Templar location
What was the Holy Grail?
the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper
What was the True Cross?
the wood of the crucifixion of Jesus
What is the Crown of Thorns?
a wreath of thorns that was placed on Jesus’ head by Roman soldiers during his crucifixion
What was the Black Death
led to flagellants whose blood was seen as holy by some followers
