APES Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Where are old-growth forests located in the United States
Alaska
What factors define terrestrial biomes
climate, geography, latitude, altitude, nutrients and soil
What factors define aquatic biomes
salinity, depth, amount of light, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, temperature
What factors influence NPP?
Sunlight and CO2
Which biomes have short growing seasons? Why?
Tundra because of the extremely low temperatures, desert because of the high temperature
Why are grasslands so productive?
Because they have high levels of nutrients in their soil and moderate rainfall
How do abiotic factors influence biotic factors
Depending on temperature, water availability, and soil composition can affect whether plants can grow there, and therefore if animals can and the amount of animals that can
How do humans affect the phosphorus cycle?
mining and application of phosphate-based fertilizers leading to increased phosphorus levels in soil
What steps are in the phosphorus cycle?
phosphorus in rock, mining, fertilizer, run-off, uptake by heterotrophs,
phosphate uptake in plants
How do humans affect the carbon cycle?
burning too many fossil fuels causing atmospheric storage to be overfilled contributing to climate change
What steps are in the carbon cycle?
atmospheric storage, combustion, respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, fossil fuels, ocean storage
How do humans affect the hydrological cycle?
building dams or taking large amounts of water for agriculture, precipitation patterns and evaporation are being altered
What are the steps of the hydrological cycle?
precipitation, condensation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, run-off
How do humans affect the nitrogen cycle?
making fertilizers & burning fossil fuels, altering amount of fixed nitrogen in earth’s ecosystem
What are the steps of the nitrogen cycle?
atmospheric nitrogen gas, denitrification, decomposition, ammonification, nitrification, nitrogen-fixing bacteria
What can plants use
nitrogen and ammonium
How do you calculate NPP, GPP and Resp?
NPP=GPP-Resp.
What is the difference between NPP and GPP in open ocean
NPP is very high, and GPP is also high, however GPP is low per unit
What is competition
one benefits the other doesn’t
What is predation
one benefits one dies
What is parasitism
parasite benefits, host loses blood/resources
What is mutualism
both benefit
What is commensalism
one benefits the other is unaffected
What is the competitive exclusion principle
2 species can’t use the same resource at the same time, how to use resource partitioning
What is intrAspecific competition
same species fighting for same resource
What is intErspecific competition
different species fighting for same resource
What is spacial partitioning
different species use different parts of the same resource
What is temporal partitioning
different species use the same resource at a different time
What is the 10% rule
as you go up trophic levels, only 10% of the previous amount of energy is transferred up
Why is agriculture on floodplains relatively successful
Intermittent flooding, particles have a lot of nutrients in them, flooding drops nutrients on flood plain
How to calculate the % increase between two numbers
original - new value
———————– x 100 = __%
original
What is the process of eutrophication
Occurs in aquatic systems
Starts where there is a nutrient input (influx of nutrients)
Algae bloom
Algae die
Bacteria use dissolved oxygen
Hypoxic/Dead zones
