Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AC- PPP2 > Medicines knowledge, 5 > Flashcards

Medicines knowledge, 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Haloperidol

  • drug class
A
  • typical antipsychotic
  • 1st gen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Haloperidol

  • common indications
A
  • acute and chronic psychoses
  • acute mania
  • tourette syndrome
  • adjunct in treatment of hallucinations due to alcohol withdrawal (if diazepam inadequate)
  • It works by correcting the chemical imbalances in the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Haloperidol

  • dose & directions
A
  • cal 1, 16
  • acute psychoses/ mania: oral 5-10mg 2 hourly as needed
  • paediatric dose (psychosis): 0.25-1mg daily in 1 or 2 doses, gradually increasing daily dose by 0.5-1mg to usual maximum of 10mg OD
  • can cause drowsiness but occasionally insomnia- if this occurs, give dose in morning rather than at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Haloperidol

  • key counselling points
  • adv effects
A
  • if you stop or start smoking, tell Dr, dose may need to be adjusted
  • taking your antipsychotic medicine regularly is important because stopping or taking it irregularly is associated with high risk of relapse and suicide & in order to prevent an episode, rather than taking it after symptoms occur
  • you may feel dizzy on standing when taking this medicine. Get up gradually from sitting or lying to minimise this; sit or lie down if you become dizzy
  • this medicine can cause insomnia, headaches, constipation, nausea, blurred vision, dry mouth and excessive perspiration
  • this medicine may cause drowsiness and may increase the effects of alcohol, cannabis or sleeping tablets. Do not drive or operate machinery if you are affected
  • can cause effects on metabolism, such as diabetes or increased risk of heart disease from high BP or cholesterol- Dr will monitor this- ensure healthy diet & activity level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Haloperidol

  • referral
A
  • because it affects brain chemicals, it can have some other effects, including a feeling of restlessness or unwanted movements. If you develop any unwanted movements- refer
  • swelling of the lips or tongue, Dr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Haloperidol

  • monitoring
A
  • BP
  • lipids
  • blood glucose
  • full blood count
  • liver function
  • psychoses
  • EPSE: dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Haloperidol

  • lifestyle (self care)
A
  • ensure a healthy diet and activity level
  • get support: support groups
  • although this medicine is necessary at the moment it doesn’t mean that it will be long term- it may only be needed short term to get things under control
  • check home environment- remove anything that could hurt self and others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Morphine

  • drug class
A
  • opioid analgesic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Morphine

  • common indications
A
  • severe pain
  • opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia
  • refractory chronic dyspnoea (on specialist advice)
  • acute or chronic pain
  • morphine acts in the brain and spinal cord to stop pain signals and reduce pain
  • used most commonly for short term relief of severe pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Morphine

  • dose & directions
A
  • adult, acute pain: <40 years, SC/IM, initially 7.5–12.5 mg every 2 hours
  • child, acute pain: 1-12 yeards: IV infusion, initially 0.02–0.04 mg/kg/hour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Morphine

  • key counselling points
A
  • CR tablets can’t be crushed or chewed, swallow whole
  • causes drowsiness, & increases effects of alcohol, don’t drive or operate machinery if affected
  • used for pain
  • can cause constipation: drink plenty of fluid & take laxative (coloxyl & senna)
  • be careful when you stand up as this medicine might make you feel dizzy if you stand up too quickly
  • chronic use: look after your teeth and mouth, and get dental checks regularly, as opioids may make your mouth dry which increases risk of dental caries
  • can cuase N/V, dry mouth, light-headedness, dizziness, headaches→ decrease or disappear with continued use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Morphine

  • referral
A
  • if you get heavily sedated & find it difficult to wake up, refer
  • difficulty breathing
  • confusion, hallucinations, delirium, agitation
  • mood changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Morphine

  • monitoring
A
  • respiratory depression
  • pain
  • sx improvement
  • hepatic, renal impairment
  • constipation
  • dependance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Morphine

  • self care (lifestyle)
A
  • ?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sildenafil

  • drug class
A
  • phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sildenafil

  • common indications
A
  • erectile dysfunction
  • pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • works by relaxing the blood vessels in your penis when you are sexually excited
  • this allows blood to flow into your penis, allowing you to get an erection in the natural way
  • sildenafil will only work if you are sexually excited
  • it will not increase your sex drive
17
Q

Sildenafil

  • dose & directions
A
  • Take orally about 1 hour before sexual activity; no more than 1 dose daily
  • Start with 50 mg; decrease dose to 25 mg or increase to a maximum of 100 mg depending on response and tolerability
18
Q

Sildenafil

  • key counselling points
A
  • Do not take this medication if you already take nitrates as the combination may cause a serious drop in your blood pressure. This can happen even if you take them on different days. Tell your health professional (even in a medical emergency) that you take this medicine before taking any new medicines
  • Taking this medication may also worsen any dizziness or faintness if you are already taking medication to lower your blood pressure. If also taking prazosin, separate doses by at least 4 hours (6 hours if taking vardenafil)
  • sildenafil will only work if you are sexually excited, it will not increase your sex drive
  • take your dose of Sildenafil about 1 hr before you intend to have sex
  • the amount of time Sildenafil takes to start working varies from person to person, but it normally takes between half an hour and one hour
  • you may find Sildenafil takes longer to work if you take it with a heavy meal
  • while Sildenafil helps most people, it can cause some unwanted side effects in a few people
  • adv: headache, dizziness, flushing, hot flushes, indigestion, heartburn
  • nosebleeds are common, especially in those also taking oral anticoagulants
19
Q

Sildenafil

  • referral
A
  • if you have an erection that lasts for longer than 4hours, immediate medical treatment is necessary, refer
  • signs of allergy such as shortness of breath, wheezing or difficult breathing; swelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts
  • chest pain
  • sudden loss of hearing or vision
20
Q

Sildenafil

  • monitoring
A
  • hypertension
  • priaprism
  • sexual dysfunction
21
Q

Sildenafil

  • lifestyle (Selfcare)
A
  • ??
22
Q

Dutasteride

  • drug class

With tamsulosin

  • drug class
A
  • dutasteride: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
  • tamsulosin: selective alpha blocker
23
Q

dutasteride

  • indications/ MOA

with tamsulosin

A
  • symptomatic BPH with prostate >30–40 mL
  • with tamsulosin: moderate-severe BPH with prostate >30-40mL
  • BPH
  • In men with BPH, the prostate gland becomes large enough to squeeze the urine tube running through it. If the urine tube is squeezed it narrows, making it more difficult for you to pass urine normally
  • acts by relaxing the smooth muscle in your prostate gland, making it easier to pass urine
24
Q

dutasteride

  • dose and directions

with tamsulosin

A

dutasteride

  • Oral, 500 micrograms once daily

dutasteride with tamsulosin

  • 1 capsule once daily
    • dutasteride: 500mcg and tamsulosin: 400mcg
  • swallow whole, don’t chew or open capsules as it may irritate your mouth & throat
  • d & t: take this medicine about 30 minutes after the same meal (eg breakfast) each day
    • do not take it on an empty stomach as this may increase the risk of side effects, eg dizziness on standing
25
Q

dutasteride

  • key counsellling points
A
  • dutasteride
    • swallow whole; don’t crush or open capsules; irritates your stomach & throat
    • cytotoxic: women who are or may become pregnant should not handle capsules or broken or crushed tablets without gloves (risk of feminisation of male fetus)
    • adv: impotence, decreased libido, ejaculation disorder
    • help LUTS (urgency, dribbling, dissatisfaction when emptying bladder)
  • d with tamsulosin
    • take this medicine about 30 minutes after the same meal (eg breakfast) each day
    • do not take it on an empty stomach as this may increase the risk of side effects, eg dizziness on standing
    • helps to reduce prostate volume & LUTS (urgency, dribbling, dissatisfaction when emptying bladder)
    • dizziness on standing may occur especially when starting treatment or when the dose is increased. Get up gradually from sitting or lying to minimise this effect
    • cataract surgery?
26
Q

dutasteride

  • referral
A
  • Please see a doctor if you experience symptoms such as Wheezing, swelling of the lips/mouth, difficulty in breathing, hayfever, lumpy rash (hives) or fainting. These could be a symptom of an allergic reaction
27
Q

dutasteride

  • monitoring
A
  • loss of libido, impotence, ejaculation disorder, breast tenderness
  • hypotension, BP
  • improved symptoms of urinary flow, decreased urinary retension
  • renal function
28
Q

dutasteride

  • lifestyle/ selfare
A
  • Men taking DUODART should have their PSA measured 6 months after starting treatment and then regularly after that
  • avoid drinking lots of fluid 1-2 hours before bed, to reduce night time trips to the bathroom
  • Be careful driving or operating machinery until you know how DUODART affects you
  • limit alcohol intake, alcohol can increase urine production & irritate bladder
29
Q

Oxybuynin

  • drug class
A
  • anticholinergic
30
Q

Oxybuynin

  • common indications
  • MOA
A
  • Urinary urge incontinence
  • is used to decrease the urgency and the frequency of urination, works by relaxing the bladder smooth muscle and helps to decrease muscle spasm this delays the initial desire and the urge to urinate
31
Q

Oxybutynin

  • dose & directions
A
  • adult tab: 2.5–5 mg 2 or 3 times daily; maximum 20 mg daily
  • adult patch: 3.9mg/ 24hrs. apply 1 patch twice a week (every 3–4 days)
  • child tab: initially 2.5 mg twice daily; if necessary, increase to 5 mg 2 or 3 times daily
  • Patch: apply to dry, unbroken skin on your abdomen, hip or buttock
  • tab: swallow whole with a glass of water, take it at about the same time each day, help you remember when to take it & effective
32
Q

Oxybutynin

  • key counselling points
A
  • is used to decrease the urgency and the frequency of urination, delays the initial desire and the urge to urinate
  • swallow whole with a glass of water, take at same time each day
  • may cause dizziness or blurred vision; if affected, do not drive or operate machinery
  • may make you sweat less, causing your body temperature to rise. Take extra care to avoid becoming overheated during exercise or hot weather, since overheating may result in heat stroke
  • generally doesn’t cause too many side effects, may cause facial flushing although its more common in children
    • may cause dry mouth, nose, throat
  • patch: application site reactions (eg rash, itch, erythema, vesicles)
33
Q

Oxybutynin

  • referral
A
  • if you experience swelling of the face, lips, mouth or throat which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing. Also fever or heat stroke.
34
Q

Oxybutynin

  • monitoring
A
  • sx improvement: this includes delaying the urge to urinate and decrease frequency of urination
  • fever or heat stroke
  • dry mouth
  • palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, rash
35
Q

Oxybutynin

  • lifestyle/ selfcare
A
  • do pelvic floor muscle exercises everyday to strengthen the muscles supporting your bladder- see physio for correct technique
  • drink enough water everyday to satisfy your thirst & to keep your urine light coloured, this helps to increase the amount your bladder can hold
  • limit caffeinated drinks, they can irritate your bladder
  • limit alcohol, it can irritate your bladder
  • for temporary relief of dry mouth: can use sugarless gum or sweets

AC- PPP2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions