Medicines and drugs

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

a chemical that alters sensory sensations, mood, or activity state

Question 2

methods of administering drugs

Answer 2

mouth, inhalation. anus, injection, skin

Question 3

thalidomide

Answer 3

morning sickness, birth defects

Question 4

lethal dose

Answer 4

required to kill 50% of pop

Question 5

effective dose

Answer 5

bring noticeable effect in 50% of pop

Question 6

risk to benefit ratio

Answer 6

severity of complaint depends on. if treatment for life threatening disease , high risl from side effect is accepted

Question 6

tolerance

Answer 6

body adapts to actio of drug, needs larger dose. if dise increases, risk of dependence and reaching lethal dose

Question 7

indigestion

Answer 7

discomfort caused by excess acid which damages stomach lining

Question 8

antacids

Answer 8

combat stomach acid

Question 9

antifoaming agents and alginates

Answer 9

prevent heartburn and flautulence. dimethicone

Question 10

apririn

Answer 10

prevents prostaglandin, fever, pain
side effects of stomach ulsers
children- liver and brain disorder
lower blood ph

Question 10

depressants

Answer 10

slow down nervous sytem. sleepiness

Question 10

ethanol

Answer 10

ste- relax, judgement impaired

lte- liver disease, high blood pressure, birth defects

Question 10

synergistic effects

Answer 10

ethanol enhances other drugs

Question 11

breathalyser

Answer 11

acidified dichromate turns green when reduced by alcohol

Question 12

stimulants

Answer 12

increase state of mental alertness

Question 12

amphetamines

Answer 12

fight or flight. increase heart rate, decrease appetite, emotional instability.

Question 13

designer drugs

Answer 13

E, relieves parkinsons disease, sensitivity, hallucinations

Question 13

caffeine

Answer 13

alertness concentration. alkaloid- choco

Question 14

nicotine

Answer 14

w- insomnia, depression

heart disease, cancer, birth defects

Question 14

antibacterial

Answer 14

prevent growth of bacteria

Question 15

penicilin

Answer 15

cure sore throat, TB, . passed in meat

Question 16

broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 16

an antibiotic with activity against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria; it also acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 17

mechanism of antibiotics

Answer 17

prevent from makingnormal cell walls

inside bacteria

Question 18

virus

Answer 18

no nucleus, not cells, reproduce inside cells of living creatures

Question 19

antivirals

Answer 19

cold, influenza, mumps. alter cells genetic material so virus cant use it to multiply .- acyclovir
prevent new virus from leaving cell
prblm because always mutating- HIV

Question 20

AIDS

Answer 20

virus invades Tcells, cant fight infection AZT- clog active site

Question 20

chirality

Answer 20

asymmetric/ chiral atoms. r/l hand

Question 21

polarity

Answer 21

heroin more effective than morphine. morphine- OH which is polar. when becomes heroin, replaced by less polar, diccolves and reaches brain better in higher concentrations in the body

Question 22

ring strain

Answer 22

penicillin bonds to enzyme, synthesizes to cell wall, blocks action

Question 23

combinatorial chem and parallel synthesis

Answer 23

library of drugs tried, combine beads, shape to active site of enzyme
quantity levels

Question 24

modifying polarity

Answer 24

make less polar so will dissolve in certaini areas of body
ammonia to salt
oic acid to salt

Question 25

chiral auxilliaries

Answer 25

synthsize desirable isomer

Question 25

LSD

Answer 25

indole ring structure. dizzines, distortion

Question 26

psilocybin

Answer 26

shroom. hallucination

Question 27

marijuana

Answer 27

hashish. relax, confusion
medicinal use
dangerous

Question 28

strong analgesics

Answer 28

morphine, codeine. opiates, herion. block pain from surgery