Medicine Revision 29.10.17 Morgan Pressman

Question 1

Who developed the theory of the four humors?

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

What were the factors that helped the theory of the four humors grow in popularity?

Answer 2

The church believed in it and helped spread the theory. It wasn’t banned. It had more proof than the other theories of the time.

Question 3

What new theory developed in the renaissance?

Answer 3

Contagion

Question 4

How did Thomas Sydenham, in 1676, challenge the very basis of the Four Humours?

Answer 4

He argued disease was something that attacked the body, not something that happened because of imbalances with in.

Question 5

What theory was increasingly popular for explaining animalcules around 1800?

Answer 5

Spontaneous Generation

Question 6

What year did germ theory get published and by who?

Answer 6

1861 - Louis Pasteur

Question 7

Who discovered specific germs that causes specific disease?

Answer 7

Robert Koch

Question 8

How did people try to stop bad air (miasma) from displeasing God in Medieval times?

Answer 8

They would burn herbs and incense.

Question 9

What was the name of the guidance given by the Church on staying clean and what did the guidance include?

Answer 9

Regimen Sanitatis - it included a guide on bathing, but making sure to pray beforehand.

Question 10

When did Edward Jenner discover the Smallpox vaccination?

Answer 10

1796

Question 11

What happened to vaccines after germ theory in 1861?

Answer 11

Other vaccines could be produced by weakening specific germs. For example, Pasteur created the chicken cholera vaccine in 1879.

Question 12

What did people believe about the power of the King’s hands during Medieval times (and, in fact, during the Renaissance too)

Answer 12

As he was God’s representative, he would have the power to heal.

Question 13

Describe as precisely as you can, two popular treatments based on the four humours that were widely used in Medieval times and the Renaissance

Answer 13

Bleeding and purging. Patients would be bled by cutting a vein, using leeches to suck blood or cupping. Purging would involve and enema created by using herbs such as linseed and, in the Renaissance, coffee.

Question 14

Describe the growth of chemical chemistry as a new form of treatment in the Renaissance.

Answer 14

Chemical chemistry was made famous by Paracelsus in 1526 and became more popular in the 1600s. It involved experimenting with chemicals like arsenic and mercury. However they didn’t understand why they worked or what they did.

Question 15

What was the name of the book published in 1618 that included details on 122 chemical treatments

Answer 15

The Pharmacopoeia Londinensis

Question 16

Name three chemical cures, in time order, developed in the 20th century.

Answer 16

Salvarsan 606, Prontosil, Penicillin.

Question 17

What were the “four principles of germ theory”?

Answer 17

1. Germs are everywhere around us in the air, 2.Germs cause decay, decay does not “spontaneously” generate them, 3.Germs are not evenly distributed, 4.Germs can be killed by heating them up.

Question 18

During which century did inoculation become popular in Britain?

Answer 18

During the 18th century, the 1700s.

The name of a popular inoculator was Thomas Dimsdale.

Question 19

What was discovered about antibodies in the late 19th century?

Answer 19

The body created these to fight off disease.

A successful chemical cure would need to be a man-made one of these.

Question 20

What did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, in 1702, claim he could see through a microscope?

Answer 20

Animalcules on food

Question 21

What methods of preventing illness became more popular during the Renaissance?

Answer 21

Quarantining sick people and avoiding mess / bad air all together.