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king richard and king john Flashcards

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1
Q

What years was Richard I king between?

A

1189-1199

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2
Q

What years was King John king between?

A

1199-1216

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3
Q

What was the name of the Empire that Richard and John controlled?

A

The Angevin Empire

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4
Q

Why was Richard out of the country for the majority of his reign?

A

i. Crusade wars

ii. Defending land in Normandy

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5
Q

What happened to Richard on his way home from the Crusade?

A

He was kidnapped by the Duke of Austria

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6
Q

What is a Crusade?

A

A religious war against Muslims in the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

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7
Q

Who did King John face threats from over his family land?

A

The King of France

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8
Q

Why did King John fall out with the Pope?

A

The candidate for the post of Archbishop of Canterbury

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9
Q

Why did the Barons rebel against King John?

A

He treated them badly and raised their taxes a lot

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10
Q

When did King John sign the Magna Carta?

A

1215

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11
Q

What was the name of system that organised society into sections?

A

The Feudal System

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12
Q

Who was at the top of the system and had to provide peace, protection and land for the people beneath them?

A

the KIng

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13
Q

Who was second and third in the system?

A

Barons (second) and Knights (third)

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14
Q

Who is at the bottom of the system?

A

Peasants

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15
Q

What was a Medieval King expected to do?

A

To be a strong ruler

ii. To enforce justice
iii. To keep the country safe from attack

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16
Q

What was the principle of primogeniture and was this followed in the 12th century?

A

The eldest son inherits the title of King from his father

No, people became King for other reasons as well

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17
Q

What happened at the moment a new King was anointed with Holy oils?

A

He took the title of rex and was given divine authority

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18
Q

What were two features of the King’s duties?

A

Chief decision maker

ii. Showing fairness and mercy in his decisions

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19
Q

What were two features of how a King’s authority was ritualised and displayed?

A

. The anointing with holy oils

ii. Being crowned in front of the most important nobles and members of the clergy

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20
Q

What was itinerant kingship?

A

The practice of the king and his court travelling from place to place around the country

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21
Q

How did itinerant kingship help with encouraging loyalty from subjects?

A

It ensured that everyone knew he was the King

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22
Q

Who was King Richard I?

A

Richard was King of England between 1189-1199.

He is most well known for going on the Third Crusade

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23
Q

Who was King John?

A

John was King of England between 1199-1216.

He is most well known for signing the Magna Carta in 1216.

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24
Q

Who was King Henry II?

A

The father of King Richard and King John.

He died in 1189

25
Q

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

The mother of Richard and John.

Eleanor was a powerful lady who owned a lot of land in France.

26
Q

Who was King Philip II of France?

A

The King of France between 1180-1223.

He started going on Crusade with King Richard and battled with King John over land in France.

27
Q

Who was William Marshal?

A

A very important Baron

He supports Richard in becoming King

28
Q

Who was Pope Gregory VIII?

A

He was responsible for calling the Third Crusade in 1187

29
Q

Who was Stephen Langton?

A

He was elected as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1205 by Pope Innocent III against John’s wishes

30
Q

Who was Pope Innocent III?

A

He was responsible for putting England in an Interdict and excommunication King John

31
Q

What does hierarchy mean?

A

A way of organising society by authority levels, the most important person at the top

32
Q

What were the four main ranks in the system?

A

King
Tenants-in-Chief
Knights
Peasants

33
Q

What was the King’s role in the system?

A

He granted land and tax concessions

Provided peace, law, protection in return for loyalty and service

34
Q

What was the tenants-in-chief- role in the system?

A

They granted land and privileges to Knights

Assisting and advising the government

35
Q

What were the peasants’ role in the system?

A

They worked on the land that was owned by their Lord

36
Q

What were the three types of peasants in the feudal system?

A

i. Freeman, paid rent for their land but could move
ii. Villein, a peasant who was the property of their lord and couldn’t move
iii. Cottar, a peasant who held a cottage with a small piece of land

37
Q

What was the Royal Demesne?

A

The land that was owned and kept by the King

38
Q

What were two features of Knight Service?

A

. To serve in the King’s army for at least two months, they had to provide their own resources

ii. To perform up to 40 days’ service in guarding the lord’s castle and in training

39
Q

What were two features of Labour service?

A

They had to work for their overlords by collecting the harvest for farming the land

ii. They didn’t owe military service as it was the duty of their Lord to protect them

40
Q

How did forfeiture help the feudal system function properly?

A

It meant that if a vassal didn’t perform as he promised to in his oath, then his land would be taken away

41
Q

How important was religion in the medieval world?

A

Very, it was at the center of most people’s lives

42
Q

What religion were the majority of people in Western Europe?

A

Catholic

43
Q

Who was the Pope?

A

The Pope was the head of the Catholic Church, as God’s representative on Earth

44
Q

Did Kings in individual countries have a say over religion?

A

They expected to have a say in the appointment of key individuals

45
Q

What were two features of how the Church was structured?

A

i. The Archbishop of Canterbury supervised the clergy in England

Ii.The bishops managed an area called a diocese and the priests and monks in it

46
Q

What were two features of how the Church worked as a part of the feudal system?

A

i. Care for the spiritual welfare of the people by making sure they followed the Church’s teachings
ii. The Church owned about 20% of the land in England, they had to perform duties to keep it

47
Q

Why did the clergy have conflict of interests?

A

The clergy saw the pope as their supreme overlord whereas the King expected complete loyalty from them

48
Q

When would a pope use punishments such as Interdict and Excommunication?

A

If they felt that a serious crime against the Church had been committed.

49
Q

What were the main problems faced?

A

People struggled to provide for their families

50
Q

What was the difference between a villein and a freeman?

A

A villein worked for the overlord and the freeman rented land from the overlord

51
Q

What was the manorial estate?

A

Villages that surrounded a manor house in which the lord of the manor lived

52
Q

What was the purpose of the reeve?

A

An official chosen from the villeins to supervise the farm work

53
Q

How were fields organised?

A

Into fallows and strips

54
Q

What was the most profitable industry in the 13th century?

A

Wool

55
Q

What role did animals play in the lives of peasants?

A

They could be used for produce (milk) or to graze the land

56
Q

What were two features of peasant housing?

A

They were made of wooden strips woven together and plastered with manure

ii. They lived in one room with very little furniture

57
Q

What were two features of peasant labour?

A

i. They worked from dawn until dusk

ii. They used very basic equipment

58
Q

What were two features of life for peasant women and children?

A

i. Women had to take care of the house and family

ii. Children didn’t go to school, when they were old enough they would go work with their father

59
Q

What were two features of leisure time for peasants?

A

i. They had days off for festivals, these were often Christian festivals
ii. Festivals included sports like wrestling and ale drinking competitions

History (6 decks)

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