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OMS Board Review > Medicine: One-Liners > Flashcards

Medicine: One-Liners Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension

A

Hypertension is a cardiac disorder characterized by persistent elevated blood pressure that is idiopathic or secondary to a known cause

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2
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Peripheral vascular disease is a cardiac disorder characterized by plaque accumulation in peripheral arteries leading to claudication

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3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis is a cardiac disease characterized by plaque accumulation caused by hyperlipidemia and inflammation

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4
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

CAD is a cardiac disease characterized by accumulation of plaques that can lead to hypoperfusion of the coronary arterial system

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5
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

MI is a cardiac disease characterized by infarct of myocardium secondary to hypoperfusion of coronary arterial system

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6
Q

Angina

A

Angina is a cardiac disease characterized by a reversible hypoperfusion of the coronary artery system leading to chest pain.

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7
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

CHF is a cardiac disease characterized by failure of the heart in either diastole or systole in order to meet metabolic demands

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8
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Aortic stenosis is a cardiac disease characterized by restricted blood flow through the aorta leading to dyspnea, angina, or syncope

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9
Q

Endocarditis

A

Endocarditis is a cardiac disease characterized by bacteremia which leads to vegetation at the cardiac valves

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10
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac disease characterized by abnormal electric foci in the atrium leading to irregularly irregular rhythm.

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11
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Cor pulmonale is a cardiac disease characterized by right heart failure from pulmonary hypertension

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12
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disease characterized by decreased ejection fraction due to systolic heart failure

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13
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disorder characterized by thickening of the ventricles leading to impaired filling and diastolic heart failure

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14
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a cardiac disorder characterized by decreased mobility due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors

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15
Q

Asthma

A

Asthma is a respiratory disease characterized by a reactive, obstructive pattern lung disorder that is reversible

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16
Q

COPD

A

COPD is a respiratory disease characterized by an irreversible obstructive pattern lung disorder that can be classified as chronic bronchitis or emphysema

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17
Q

Bronchitis

A

Bronchitis is a respiratory disease characterized by chronic cough and mucus production greater than 3 months for 2 consecutive years

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18
Q

Empysema

A

Emphysema is a respiratory disease characterized by destruction of terminal airway alveoli

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19
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

Restrictive lung disease is a respiratory disease characterized by loss of elastic recoil i.e. sarcoidosis

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20
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Sleep apnea is a respiratory disease characterized by central or obstructive cessation of breathing during sleep

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21
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Cystic fibrosis is a respiratory disease characterized by a genetic mutation of Na/Cl channels causing exocrine impairment/thickening effecting the lungs, pancreas, reproductive, and GI systems. It is an obstructive pattern lung disease.

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22
Q

ARDS

A

ARDS is a respiratory disease characterized by diffuse inflammatory lung injury leading to respiratory failure.

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23
Q

Pneumonia

A

Pneumonia is a respiratory disease characterized by infection leading to inflammatory response at the alveoli

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24
Q

Transfusion related acute lung injury

A

TRALI is a respiratory disease characterized by acute lung injury caused by massive transfusion mimicking ARDS causing respiratory failure

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25
Q

Negative pressure pulmonary edema

A

Negative pressure pulmonary edema is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary edema caused by breathing against an obstructed airway

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26
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Pulmonary embolism is a respiratory disease characterized by thrombus or embolus obstructing the pulmonary vasculature

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27
Q

Pneumothorax or hemothorax

A

Pneumothorax or hemothorax is a respiratory disease characterized by air or blood trapped in the pleural space causing collapse of lung parenchyma

28
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

A

Pulmonary hypertension is a respiratory disease characterized by elevation in pressure of pulmonary vasculature leading to right HF

29
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease characterized by bacterial infection resulting in granulomatous formations usually in the lungs

30
Q

Obesity

A

Obesity is an endocrine disorder characterized by an increase in fat % relative to body mass or height (BMI = kg/m2)

31
Q

Diabetes

A

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Multifactorial etiology with insulin dependence and/or insulin resistance.

32
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Grave’s disease is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperthyroid autoimmune disease stimulating increased secretion of T3/T4.

33
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis is an endocrine disorder characterized by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland resulting in hypothyroidism

34
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

Cushing’s disease is an endocrine disorder characterized by excess cortisol, endogenous or exogenous steroids

35
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid usually due to destruction of adrenal gland or insufficient ACTH secretion

36
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disease characterized by PTH secretion due to inverse Ca2+ levels. Stones, groans, moans, bones. “Brown tumor”

37
Q

Anemia

A

Anemia is a hematologic disorder characterized by reduced quantity of red blood cells

38
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

Polycythemia vera is a hematologic disorder characterized by increase in red blood cells measured by a hematocrit over 55%

39
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Sickle cell anemia is a hematologic disorder characterized by misshapened hemoglobin molecules that forms chains during hypoxia causing RBC to take on sickle shape leading to hemolysis

40
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease

A

Von Willebrand’s disease is a hematologic disorder characterized by coagulopathy due to reduced quantity or quality of Von Willebrand’s factor responsible for stabilizing platelet adhesion

41
Q

Hemophilia A

A

Hemophilia A is a hematologic disorder characterized by coagulopathy due to X linked genetic deficiency of factor 8

42
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Hemophilia B is a hematologic disorder characterized by coagulopathy due to X linnked genetic deficiency of factor 9

43
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

A

DIC is a hematologic disorder characterized by systemic intravascular activation of the clotting cascade

44
Q

Thalassemia

A

Thalassemia is a hematologic disorder characterized by hemoglobinopathy with absent A/B glubulin leading to microcytic anemia

45
Q

Hypercoagulability can be caused by?

A

Factor 5 Leiden
Protein C deficiency
Antithrombin 3 deficiency
Pregnancy

46
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Cerebral palsy is a neurologic disorder characterized by non-progressive motor disorder with spasticity, dyskinesia, ataxia

47
Q

Epilepsy

A

Epilepsy is a neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity causing at least 2 unprovoked seizures more than 24hrs apart

48
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

Spinal cord injury is a neurologic disorder characterized by trauma causing sympathetic/parasympathetic dysfunction along the motor and sensory deficit

49
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

ALS is a neurologic disorder characterized by terminal peripheral neurodegenerative disease leading to lack of motor function

50
Q

Syncope

A

Syncope is a neurologic disorder characterized by a transient LOC due to hypoperfusion to brain (neurogenic, cardiogenic, vasovagal)

51
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Alzheimer’s is a neurologic disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive ability due to accumulation of plaque

52
Q

Parkinson

A

Parkinson disease is a neurologic disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons manifesting with tremors and rigidity

53
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Multiple sclerosis is a neurologic disorder characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the CNS with recurrent relapse

54
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

CVA/Stroke is a neurologic disorder characterized by neurologic deficits secondary to vascular ischemia or hemorrhage

55
Q

Migraine

A

Migraine is a neurologic disorder characterized by headaches with or without aura with photophobia, sonophobia

56
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoimmune attack of joints

57
Q

Juvenile arthritis

A

Juvenile arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and stiffness for >6 weeks in <16 yo

58
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

SLE is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation due to autoantibody production responsible for tissue damage

59
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by affects at the postsynaptic motor end plate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor causing weakness and rapid fatigue of skeletal muscles

60
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating granulomas

61
Q

Wegener’s

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of vessels, respiratory tract, and kidneys with granulomatosis / polyagniitis

62
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

Marfan syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder of fibrillin. Aortic dilation and mitral regurgitation.

63
Q

Ehlers Danlos

A

Ehlers Danlos is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by connective tissue disorder with elastic skin, hypermobility, bleeding tendency, possible aortic fragility, POTS

64
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by genetic disease by mutation of dystrophin gene leading to progressive loss of skeletal muscle function

OMS Board Review (29 decks)

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