medicine - Industrial revelotion

Question 1

when was the vaccination against small pox created and by who?

Answer 1

1798 - Jenner

Question 2

Who discovered chloroform and anaesthetics and when?

Answer 2

1847 - Simpson

Question 3

Who discovered cholera and when?

Answer 3

1854 - snow

Question 4

Who developed nursing homes and hospitals and when?

Answer 4

1850’s - nightingale

Question 5

What did Pasteur discover and when?

Answer 5

1861 - germ theory and vaccinations

Question 6

who discovered the use of carbolic spray / antiseptics in 1867?

Answer 6

Lister

Question 7

when did the second public health act take place?

Answer 7

1875

Question 8

what year did Koch discover that certain germs caused certain disease?

Answer 8

1882

Question 9

what is amputation?

Answer 9

The removal of a limb in surgery

Question 10

What are anaesthetics?

Answer 10

Drugs given to produce unconsciousness before and during surgery e.g chloroform

Question 11

what is anthrax?

Answer 11

Disease mostly affecting animals

Question 12

What are antibodies?

Answer 12

A substance produced in the body to fight disease

Question 13

what are antiseptics?

Answer 13

chemicals used to destroy bacteria and prevent disease

Question 14

what is a cesspit?

Answer 14

A storage of sewage

Question 15

What is contagion?

Answer 15

The passing of a disease from one person to another.

Question 16

what is inoculation?

Answer 16

putting a low disease in the body to help fight against a more serious attack of the disease.

Question 17

what is ligature?

Answer 17

A thread used to tie blood vessels during operation

Question 18

what are potent medicines?

Answer 18

A medicine usually sold for a profit made with ingredients that have no medical benefit.

Question 19

What is sterilising?

Answer 19

To destroy all living micro organisms

Question 20

How do vaccines work?

Answer 20

A small dose of an inactive or dead disease is injected into the body and the antibodies detect the disease and work to fight it off.
Once it as fought it off it will now retain the information of how to get rid of the disease and so if the person gets that illness the body and quickly kill it off as it knows what to do.

Question 21

How did Simpson test the affect of Chloroform?

Answer 21

He inhaled chemicals with a group of people and studied the effects of each chemical.

Question 22

who was Edwin Chadwick, what did he believe?

Answer 22

A civil servant who believed that cleaner towns and cities will lead to less disease and better health.

Question 23

What did Chadwick eventually create?

Answer 23

improved sewers

Question 24

What was the result of the 1848 public health act?

Answer 24

A national board of health set up.
death rate where high in towns
meant they could collect taxes
Allowed the appointment of medical officers

Question 25

Who was John snow?

Answer 25

A famous surgeon who worked in London

Question 26

What did john snow prove?

Answer 26

That there was no deaths by cholera in the breweries but loads all over the town, he discovered that it was the unclean water that caused the disease.

Question 27

Who was louis Pasteur?

Answer 27

A university scientist (not a doctor) That discovered that germs caused disease

Question 28

When did Pasteur publish the germ theory?

Answer 28

1861

Question 29

What vaccinations did Pasteur find?

Answer 29

Anthrax, chicken cholera and rabies (CAR)

Question 30

What did Koch discover?

Answer 30

That specific microbes caused specific diseases

Question 31

Did Koch save any lives?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What vaccinations did Koch find?

Answer 32

Anthrax, TB, Cholera (ATC)

Question 33

what was agreed in the 1875 public health act?

Answer 33

It is compulsory for local councils to improve sewers and ensure there is clean water supply.
Compulsory to appoint medical officers to inspect health.
Other laws improved standards and stopped the population of the rivers.

Question 34

what did nightingale do in Crimea to prevent disease?

Answer 34

Cleaned hositals

Question 35

What percentage did nightingale decrease the amount of deaths to?

Answer 35

40% - 2%

Question 36

What did nightingale advice to stop disease?

Answer 36

Sanitation / Ventilation / Food supply

Question 37

When was the first cottage hospital built?

Answer 37

1859

Question 38

What happened to the rich when they needed medically health? After nightingale.

Answer 38

Wealthy people never went to hospitals but had private doctors to visit their home.
They paid fees so doctors could visit as they believed it was healthier than going into a hospital.

Question 39

what happened to the working class when they were ill? After nightingale.

Answer 39

Didn’t go to hospitals.

Could use hospitals if they subscribed to sick clubs / cottage hospitals / voluntary hospitals

Question 40

What happened to the poor if they were sick? After Nightingale.

Answer 40

They would stay home or be sent to work houses which were ran by the poor law unions.
Also went in mental asylums and fever hospitals.

Question 41

who was Semmelwiess?

Answer 41

A doctor who worked in the maternity unit who discovered that contamination killed many mothers.

Question 42

What was the S theory?

Answer 42

That doctors should clean their hands before and after treating patients and operating.

Question 43

What was a problem with the carbolic spray and antiseptics?

Answer 43

The correct dosage wasn’t known and sometimes treatment resulted in the patient overdosing