Medicine: Early Modern & Public Health Flashcards
Summarise Ambroise Paré
1510-1590 (mid 1500s)
Invented alternative to cauterisation: egg yolk + rose oil + turpentine
Helped develop artificial limbs
Observed injured patients on the battlefield
Summarise Andreas Vesalius
1514-1564 (early to mid 1500s)
Challenged Galen’s work on anatomy and developed much more accurate views of the workings of the human body
Carried out human dissections
Made accurate drawings of anatomy
Summarise William Harvey
1578-1657 (early to mid 1600s)
Proved Galen’s theory that the liver made blood wrong— disproving bleeding as a cure
Discovered the heart was a pump (because of experiments on amphibians)
Suggested mammals reproduced by egg and sperm
Summarise Thomas Sydenham
1624-1689 (mid 1600s)
Founder of clinical medicine and epidemiology
Rejected religion as a cause for disease, instead used microscopic analysis
Maintained accurate records and emphasised detailed observation of patients
Developed the concept of species of disease
Summarise John Hunter
1728-1793 (mid 1700s)
Served as an army surgeon and was a keen anatomist and dissector
Taught to trust the natural healing processes of the body
Summarise Edward Jenner
1749-1823 (late 1700s and early 1800s)
Created the first vaccine, for small pox (cow pox, James Phipps, Sarah Nelmes)
Vaccine made compulsory
What was different about Renaissance hospitals?
Some acc treated patients
Funded by legacies, donations etc not church
Cared for most vulnerable eg foundling hospital
What were the precautions taken during The Great Plague
No public entertainment Kill dogs and cats Fasting Prayer Isolation of victims for 40 days
What were the “cures” for the Plague
Wash
Doctors wear herb masks and jewellery
Same as before mostly
What were Beveridge’s 5 Giant Evils?
Want Disease Ignorance Squalor Idleness
When was the NHS created and what did it aim to do?
1948
Provide a multitude of services completely free to improve the health of the whole country
(Only rejoined drew for 2 years)
When were the 2 clean air acts passed and what did they decree?
1956 & 1968
Use gas and electricity instead of coal
What happened to Ouse after WW2?
The slums were cleared and replaced with new greener towns in the 60s eg Telford, Milton Keynes
When were free school meals introduced and what impact did they have?
1906-greatly improves children’s health, with their weight more than double children who didn’t get free meals
What act was introduced in 1911
The national insurance act
Sick and unemployment pay was created if u paid into the scheme
