medicine early 20th centry ww1 Flashcards
describe how xrays were discovered
wilhelm roentgen covered a test tube in black paper
he was surprised to see rays from the tube lit the screen
who discovered xrays
wilhelm roentgen
what could xrays not pass through
bone
how was the first xray image created
by putting photgraphic paper inbetween
problem: why was taking xray images long and difficult
photography was still in an early stage so you had to stay still for long
problem xray: what was released in high doses and caused danger
radiation
patients burnt and lost hair
problemxray: what was a problem with the machines
too large to be moved easily
how were blood transfusions carried out in the early 17th century
from animals to humans
people rarely survived
what period did the first human to human blood transfusion occur in
1818-1829
who did the first human to human blood transfusion
james blundell
what was the problems with early human to human blood transfers
direct transfer had to occur and only half the recipients survived
who discovered 3 blood groups and when
karl landsteiner in 1901
who discovered another blood group and when
1902-landsteiner’s colleagues
what could blood loss lead to
shock
what helped blood from not clotting
sodium citrate
who discovered adding sodium citrate in blood and when
1915 - richard lewishon
what further helped blood from clotting and who discovered it
citrate glucose
by francis rous and james turner
what was not possible in ccs and dressing stations for surgery
antiseptic and aseptic surgery
what was used instead of antiseptic and aseptic - describe it
the carrel dakin method in 1917 was used - where sterlised salt solution moved through wounds using tubes. it was more effective
if the carrel dakin method wasn’t used what was the last resort
amputation
describe thomas splint
1915 - it reduced the death rate from broken limbs to fewer than 20% because it kept the leg rigid - reducing blood loss
who improved plastic surgery
harold gillies
