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June 2021 Year 10 History mock exam revision cards > Medicine cards > Flashcards

Medicine cards Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?

A

1858

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2
Q

True/false: people understood disease better than they had done in 1348 when the Great Plague returned in 1665?

A

False

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3
Q

-What disease did Pasteur first use his vaccination ideas to treat a human for?

A

Rabies.

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4
Q

What is surgery and anatomy the story of?

A

The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.

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5
Q

What did Edward Jenner discover?

A

Smallpox vaccination using cowpox

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6
Q

In what year and period did James Simpson discover the anaesthetic properties of chloroform?

A

1847 - industrial

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7
Q

What medical options were available to unwell people during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

A

Barber-surgeons, Apothecaries, Wise-women, Quacks.

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8
Q

What was John of Aderne famous for?

A

Being a fantastic English surgeon, the manual of surgery he wrote called ‘Practica,’ using opium and henbane to dull pain in surgery and forming the Guild of Surgeons in London in 1368.

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9
Q

How did Harvey use vivisection on animals to prove his theories?

A

He dissected live, cold blooded animals whose hearts beat very slowly. This meant that he could see the movements of each muscle in the heart.

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10
Q

What was the main difference between the 1848 and 1875 Public Health Acts?

A

The first was voluntary, the second was compulsory.

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11
Q

What idea of Galen’s did Harvey prove wrong?

A

That blood was made in the liver to replace that which was burnt up by the body.

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12
Q

What are the years of the Industrial period?

A

1750-1900

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13
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.

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14
Q

Define natural explanations of disease.

A

Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).

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15
Q

Why is John Hunter famous in the History of medicine?

A

He was a famous army surgeon and later surgeon to King George III, he published helpful books such as ‘On venereal disease’ which he researched by operating on himself, he proved that gonorrhea ad syphilis were different diseases, he had a collection of 3000 preserved specimens including an Irish giant.

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16
Q

Why might someone trying to avoid the Black Death sit in a sewer?

A

Because the smell there would be worse than the bad smells that they thought would bring the Black Death.

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17
Q

What invention of 1451 was as important to communications as the internet in modern times?

A

The printing press.

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18
Q

What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?

A

Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.

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19
Q

What was wound man?

A

A diagram used to instruct surgeons in the Middle Ages how to treat various battlefield injuries.

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20
Q

True or false: in the Middle Ages people started to believe in astrological reasons for illness?

A

True.

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21
Q

How many hospitals did the Christian church build in England between 1000 and 1500?

A

700

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22
Q

What famous book did Avicenna write?

A

The Canon of Medicine

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23
Q

-When did John Snow discover the link between cholera and dirty water?

A

1854.

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24
Q

What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?

A

People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey

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25
Q

What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?

A

Surgeon

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26
Q

What was the book published by Vesalius called?

A

The Fabric of the Human Body.

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27
Q

What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?

A

Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.

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28
Q

-What did Edwin Chadwick’s discovery lead to being passed?

A

The 1848 Public Health act?

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29
Q

In a Christian church hospital of the Middle Ages, who would treat your illness?

A

Nobody. Christians believed God would cure you, they only made you comfortable and prayed for you.

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30
Q

Which theme is John Hunter connected to?

A

Surgery and Anatomy.

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31
Q

Why was Galen so popular with the Christian church?

A

He taught his students that the human body fitted together in a well designed whole. This suggested that a greater being (God) had designed the human body. That’s why Christians liked him.

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32
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

A disease which spreads widely, harms/kills lots of people and is very difficult to stop.

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33
Q

What are the factors we use in the History of Medicine?

A

Religion, Chance, War, Individuals, Science & Technology , Communications.

34
Q

What is surgery and anatomy the story of?

A

The story of people’s knowledge through History of the human body plus how operations have changed and improved over time.

35
Q

What was Edwin Chadwick’s big discovery?

A

That high poor rate in some towns resulted from some people being too unwell to work due to poor living conditions.

36
Q

What was Laissez-Faire?

A

A widely held belief at the start of the industrial period that it was not the job of government to try to improve public health.

37
Q

What name is given to the type of doctor who performs operations?

A

Surgeon

38
Q

When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?

A

1861

39
Q

In what year and period did Joseph Bazalgette begin building London’s underground sewer system?

A

1858 - industrial

40
Q

What worried the British government during recruitment for the Boer War in 1899?

A

40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit for military service.

41
Q

What is disease and infection the story of?

A

The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.

42
Q

What sort of pictures would you have found in Vesalius’ book?

A

Detailed drawings of the human body.

43
Q

What are the years of the Dark Ages?

A

500-1400 AD

44
Q

Define supernatural explanations of disease.

A

Explanations based on beliefs rather than anything physical.

45
Q

Why did some people in England during the Renaissance believe that being touched by the King would heal them?

A

Because he was supposed to represent God.

46
Q

How were Galen’s dissection operations limited?

A

They were often conducted on animals not people.

47
Q

What was cauterising?

A

Sealing a wound and stopping it from bleeding by busing red hot iron.

48
Q

In what year and period did the Black Death arrive in England?

A

1348 - Dark Ages

49
Q

Did Vesalius set out to prove Galen wrong?

A

No. He read Galen’s works carefully but started to notice that what he was reading and what he was seeing during dissections did not match. That was when he realised that a lot of Galen’s anatomical facts were based on animal dissection and therefore wrong.

50
Q

What important anatomical discovery did Herophilus make at Alexandria?

A

The brain controls the body.

51
Q

What is disease and infection the story of?

A

The story of what people throughout History believed made them unwell and how they tried to treat illnesses.

52
Q

When was John of Aderne around?

A

In the Middle AGes.

53
Q

What is public health the story of?

A

The story of what the government in any time period did to improve the health of its people.

54
Q

In what year was the ‘Great stink’ in London?

A

1858

55
Q

What did Harvey develop to help him prove how blood circulated around the body?

A

Think rods that could be pushed into veins to prove the direction of blood flow.

56
Q

What did Rhazes achieve?

A

The first accurate descriptions of measles and smallpox.

57
Q

What is a fun and memorable poem for remembering the first letter of each of the time periods (in the right order)?

A

People Eat Green Rolos During Rows In Turkey

58
Q

What was the Christian attitude to dissection in the Middle Ages?

A

It was not allowed at first. Later, it was allowed in medical schools but under strictly controlled conditions.

59
Q

-What were Koch’s three contributions towards discovering the causes of disease?

A

Solid medium, staining, method.

60
Q

What would a doctor find that was useful in the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna?

A

The medical properties of 760 different drugs and chapters on medical problems such as anorexia and obesity.

61
Q

How did the factor chance help Pare?

A

It was by chance that he ran out of boiling oil.

62
Q

What did Vesalius prove about the human heart that showed Galen was wrong?

A

That blood did not pass through the septum, it moved in a different way.

63
Q

How did astrology impact medicine in the Middle Ages?

A

People started to think that the movement of the stars and the planets could explain illness or give the best time to conduct an operation.

64
Q

What was Lady Montague’s inoculation for?

A

Smallpox

65
Q

Define natural explanations of disease.

A

Explanations based on physical evidence, observation and scientific deduction (even if the science is wrong).

66
Q

Why did some people oppose Edward Jenner’s vaccination?

A

They were worried about having animal matter injected into them.

67
Q

When was Guy’s hospital founded and what was different about it?

A
  1. Different because founded by a local businessman, Thomas Guy, and not the Christian church.
68
Q

What are the three themes comprising the History of Medicine?

A

Disease and infection, surgery and anatomy, public health.

69
Q

What has CAR got to do with understanding about the vaccines that Louis Pasteur developed?

A

C = chicken cholera A = anthrax in sheep R = rabies in humans

70
Q
A
71
Q

In what year and period did William Harvey prove the circulation of the blood?

A

1628- Renaissance

72
Q

When was the printing press invented?

A

1451.

73
Q

In what year and period did Joseph Lister publish details of carbolic spray?

A

1867 - industrial

74
Q

When during the Egyptian period was the library at Alexandria opened?

A

It wasn’t. It was built in the Greek period.

75
Q

What are alternative names for the industrial period?

A

The nineteenth century and the industrial revolution.

76
Q

Who would you go to for treatment in Pre-historic times.

A

The medicine man or shaman.

77
Q

What was Pare’s alternative to cauterising?

A

Tying blood vessels up with ligatures.

78
Q

What was the natural explanation of disease in the pre-historic period?

A

There wasn’t one

79
Q

When did Louis Pasteur publish Germ Theory?

A

1861

80
Q

What are the years of the Renaissance?

A

1400-1750

June 2021 Year 10 History mock exam revision cards (2 decks)

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