Medicine Flashcards
What were the four humours
Blood
Yellow Bile
Black Bile
Phlegm
What idea did Pythagoras come up with.
The theory of balance of the opposites.
Who was Hippocrates
Hippocrates was born in 460bc in Ancient Greece, and
Was a doctor and teacher.
What were Hippocrates key ideas about treating illnesses
Key ideas were to.
Take detailed notes on symptoms and causes.
Treatments included logical ideas like change of diet and healthier living.
What’s the Hippocrates oath.
An oath doctors take before they become doctors. It states they will not harm the patient or poison them, also to give the patient privacy e.g. Secrecy about illness.
Who was Galen
Galen (160ad) is a very famous roman physician who introduced a lot of medical theories that stayed around for hundreds of years.
Why were Galen’s theories still around during the Medieval period.
.War had disrupted development into technologies.
.It was not allowed to express your own theories so students only learnt about Galen.
.People believed in the bible and didn’t want to venture further into the medical world.
Who would of been treating the sick during the Middle Ages.
Housewife.
The Apothecary.
The Barbers Surgeon.
The Trained Physician.
When was the Black Death.
The Black Death was around during 1348
When was the Plague
The plague was around during 1665
What word is used when disease spreads from rats to humans?
Bubonic plague
What word describes the infection of disease form person to person.
Pneumonic plague
How did the Black Death arrive in England in 1348
It came across to England from Asia on the trade routes bacteria were impeded into rats which were immune to it. The rats then spread it onto humans who then passed it on, this is a pneumonic plague
What did the public think caused the Black Death?
Imbalance of the four humours. Movement of sun and planets. God and the Devil. Invisible fumes and poisons in the air (miasma). Jewish people.
What was the governments action towards the Black Death.
They started to quarantine people, stopping the diseased from seeing other non-diseases people.
What were some of the medieval treatments
Prayer
Flagellation- sought forgiveness for there sins through whipping themselves
Purging- getting rid of things from the body, bleeding or being sick
Herbal remedies- from housewife or apothecary
Small surgery
When was the renaissance period
1500ad-1700ad
When was the royal society founded
In 1660
Who helped found the royal society
Robert Boyle
Christopher Wren
William Petty
Who was Vesalius
Vesalius was a 16th century Flemish anatomist or physician who was the author of one of the most famous human anatomy books, he is referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy.
What made Vesalius stand out from the rest of the other physicians.
Vesalius was different because at this time it was illegal to dissect a human body leading to doctors only making theories this meant they weren’t always accurate. Vesalius, though stole bodies, which helped him make more clearer predictions and ideas on the anatomy
Who was Thomas Sydnam
Thomas Sydnam was a 16th century author of observations Medicea, this was the standard textbook of medicine for the next two century’s, he was also known as the English Hippocrates.
What’s humanism
Humanism is the love of learning, new interests in classical scholars.
Who was William Harvey
William Harvey was a 15th to 16th century physician and his main finds were the findings of blood circulation.
How did William Harvey prove his theory of blood circulation
He proved this by tying a cord round the top of the arm (cutting off the blood flow). The caused the arm to swell he then untightend the cord and the arm stopped swelling.
What were the main problems hospitals in the Middle Ages.
.There were only limited beds, so patients had to share.
.The hospitals were not used for major surgery, but more for warmth, food and shelter.
Who led the hospitals during the Middle Ages.
Nuns were the main body who looked after the patients, as priests and monks were more the spiritual helpers.
What happened to hospitals during the renaissance period.
The desolation of the monasteries led to a lot of the hospitals being closed, when they did reopen they reopened without spiritual sponsors.
What does penance mean?
Penance is when you inflict pain and punishment on yourself to show your sorry for your sins.
What’s small pox
Small pox is an acute contagious disease and is transmitted by inhaling droplets from infected people.
What’s inoculation
Inoculation involves exposing the body’s immune system to a weakened or harmless version of the disease in order to increase the immune system to that disease.
What’s vaccination.
Vaccination is when the body is exposed to a less harmless type of the disease and then the white blood cells will create antibiotics for that specific disease. This means that if the person ever gets the specific disease again there blood cells will be able to quickly fight it away.
Who introduced vaccination against small pox
Edward Jenner was the person who introduced small pox vaccinations.
Who was Pasteur.
Pasteur was a 18th century biologist who invented the swan neck glass. He was the person who proved the bacteria didn’t just appear but is all around us.
How did Pasteur prove his theory
He proved it by showing that, when beer goes mouldy it’s because of bacteria. Other scientists at the time said that it ‘just came’. But using the swan neck glass he proved his theory that bacteria was everywhere. As the swan neck glass had a curved tip stopping dust particles from entering this proved his theory.
Who was Robert Koch
Robert Koch was an 18th century microbiologist and is known for being the founding person to discover how to grow and study bacteria and which medium to grow them in.
What are anethestics
Drugs given to patients to help them not feel pain
When did James Simpson discover chloroform
He discovered it in 1847
When was the first public health act.
1848
What did the first public health act include
Improvements of drainage, rubbish collection, public toilets and fresh water.
What did salvation 606. do
Was an arsenic compound so killed off syphilis germs.
It was hard to find the right dosage, so people did die from over dosing.
What did Prontosil do
Prontosil stopped blood poisoning.
Developed on mice, and stopped bacteria from multiplying.
What are antibiotics
Antibiotics are drugs that slow or stop the growth of bacteria.
Who discovered penicillin.
Alexander Fleming
When did Joseph lister show and develop his carbolic acid spray.
1865
What did Joseph lister introduced to surgery.
He was the founder of sterile surgery and started the move of sterilising surgical equipment before use like boiling knives etc.
When did the NHS start
1948
who helped develop the NHS.
Aneurin Beven
