Medicine Flashcards
What are the S/S of HYPERthyroidism?
weight loss, palpitations, tachycardia, thyromegaly, SOB, edema, chest pain, nervousness, weakness
Describe Leriche’s syndrome?
occurs with aortoiliac dz, is when pt has impotence with buttock, calf, and thigh pain.
what is the most common site of peripheral aneurysms that develop in the LE from arteriosclerosis?
popliteal aneurysms
what is virchow’s triad?
- endothelial damage
- stasis
- hypercoagulability
define a hypertensive emergency.
DIASTOLIC >115 mmgHg with end-organ damage
Livedo reticularis develops commonly on what body parts?
legs; it is bluish-red discoloration of skin resulting from vasospasm or arterioles; condition is worsened by the cold
what does normal ventilation with decreased lung perfusion suggest?
pulmonary embolism
what are the most common s/s of PE?
tachypnea (92%)
chest pain (88%)
dyspnea (84%)
anxiety, tachycardia, fever, DVT
what is the gold standard for diagnosis of DVT? for PE?
DVT- venous duplex ultrasound
PE- pulmonary angiography
sarcoidosis is common in what race and age group?
AFrican-americans ages 20-40 y/o
what are the s/s of TB?
night sweats, fevers, weight loss, cough, greenish-yellow sputum most commonly observed in the mornings
what are the side effects of INH treatment of TB?
neuropathy, hepatitis, anion-gap acidosis, lupus-like syndrome, pyridoxine loss
what are the major causes of pancreatitis?
alcohol and biliary tract dz
what hormone protects the body from hypoglycemia?
glucagon
what are the 2 causes of primary adrenal insufficiency?
TB and autoimmune destruction, together they account for 90% of cases
what is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia?
acute and chronic renal failure
what is the risk of placing a patient with COPD on high flow O2?
suppression of hypoxic ventilatory drive
what principal hormone protects the body fro HYPOglycemia?
glucagon
S/S of primary adrenal insufficiency?
HYPERpigmentation, N/V/abdominal pain/diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, weakness
what is the most common cuase of secondary adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis?
iatrogenic adrenal suppression from prolonged steroid use. Rapid withdrawal of steroids may lead to collapse and death
how long must a generalized tonic-clonic seizure last without a period of consciousness to be considered status epilepticus?
30 minutes
resting tremor is pathognomonic for what dz?
Parkinson’s dz- tremors are asymmetric and have “pill-rolling” appearance
pseudohypertrophy of the calves is characteristic of what type of muscular dystrophy?
Duchenne’s MD- hypertrophy is caused by fatty infiltration of the muscles
what is the most common presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS)/
optic neuritis (about 25%)
