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AQA GCSE History: Medicine and Germany > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

When was writing developed in Egypt?

A

3000BC

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2
Q

When was the Hippocrates Corpus?

A

420-350BC

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3
Q

When was Galen Born?

A

129

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4
Q

When was the Fall Of Rome?

A

476

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5
Q

When was the first outbreak of the Plague?

A

1348

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6
Q

When was printing founded in Europe?

A

1454

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7
Q

When was the Royal Society founded?

A

1660

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8
Q

When was the “Great Plague of London”?

A

1665

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9
Q

When did inoculation begin in Britain?

A

1720

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10
Q

When did the first vaccination occur, and who created it?

A

1796; Jenner

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11
Q

When did Cholera first occur in Britain?

A

1831

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12
Q

When was the “Chadwick Report”?

A

1842

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13
Q

When did Ether and Chloroform begin to be in use?

A

1846/7

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14
Q

When was the first Public Health Act?

A

1848

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15
Q

When was Cholera linked to water pollution - and who was it?

A

1854; John Snow

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16
Q

When was the Germ Theory created - and who by?

A

1857; Pasteur - but (I think) published in 1861

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17
Q

When was the second Public Health Act?

A

1875

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18
Q

When did antispetic come into general use?

A

1890

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19
Q

When were X-Rays first in use?

A

1895

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20
Q

When was radioactivity discovered - and who was it?

A

1896; Becquerel

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21
Q

When were blood groups discovered?

A

1900

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22
Q

When was penicillin discovered - and who was it?

A

1928; Fleming

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23
Q

When was the first Kidney Transplant?

A

1951

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24
Q

When was the structure of the DNA discovered?

A

1953

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25
Q

When was the Pill discovered?

A

Late 1950’s

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26
Q

When was the mass penicillin production - and who ran it?

A

1938 - 1940; Florey and Chain

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27
Q

When, and who, discovered that bacteria causes cholera?

A

1883; Kock

28
Q

When was carbolic acid used as an antispecic - and then developed as a spray? Who made it?

A

1865

29
Q

When the NHS founded? And who was it set up by?

A

1948

Nye Bevan

30
Q

When was the second cholera epidemic? And what did it cause?

A

1848 and the first Public Health Act

31
Q

Who was the god Asclepius?

A

The Greek God of healing.

He had two daughters, Panacea and Hygeia who assisted him with healing.

He was worshiped at special temples called Asclepions

32
Q

Who was Hippocrates?

A

Greek doctor, born in Cos around 460BC

Author of ‘Hippocratic Collection’ of medical texts

Originator of the ‘Hippocratic Oath’ and pioneer of ‘Four Humours’ theory

33
Q

Who was Galen?

A

Born in 129AD in Greece, but travelled round the Roman Empire and was a doctor to the Emperor

Developed the ‘Theory of the Opposites’ from the Four Humours

Demonstrated the brain controlled the body not the heart

34
Q

Who was Avicenna?

A

Also known as Ibn Sinna

Arab doctor, who lived from 980-1037AD in Spain

Wrote a million-word textbook covering all aspects of medicine

35
Q

Who was Rhazes, and what did they discover?

A

Described the difference between smallpox and measles

Understood the location affected public health

36
Q

What did Ibn Al Nafis?

A

Described the heart as a pump circulating blood around the body but dissection was banned so was unable to prove it

37
Q

Who was Ibn-Nafis?

A

Questioned Galen
Suggested that blood flowed from one side of the heart to the other via the lungs (he was correct)

Arab world/Middle ages

38
Q

Who was Parcelsus?

A

Rejected the “Four Humours” Theory and gave lectures against it

Renaissance

39
Q

When was the Renaissance?

A

1400 - 1750

40
Q

Who was Vesalius?

A

Dissected bodies and wrote books based upon observations with accurate diagrams
He pointed out Galen’s mistakes

Renaissance NEED TO IMPROVE THIS

41
Q

When was the Housing Act?

A

1919

42
Q

When was the “Beveridge Report”? And what did it entail?

A

1942

By William Beveridge to provide free medical care for all at the point of service

43
Q

When was the Middle Ages?

A

400 - 1500

1066 a split in lifestyle for the Middle Ages

44
Q

When was Ancient Rome?

A

500BC - 500AD

45
Q

When was the Islamic Empires?

A

500-1500AD

46
Q

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

A

Born in Brussels in 1514, studied medicine in Brussels and Italy - where he used artists drawings of dissections and published them in the “Fabric of Human Body”
His work was widely circulated due to the invention of printing
Challenged the work of Galen, such as the human jaw bone

47
Q

When was Ancient Egypt?

A

3,400BC-30BC

48
Q

When was Ancient Greece?

A

1000BC-300BC

49
Q

When was “Fabric of the Human Body” by Andreas Vesalius published?

A

1543

50
Q

When was “Works of Surgery” by Ambroise Paré published?

A

1575

51
Q

When was “An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals” by William Harvey published?

A

1628

52
Q

When was the Modern World period? (Or also known as the Industrial Age)

A

1750-1900

53
Q

Who was Ambroise Paré?

A

Born in France 1510
Surgeon in Paris at Hotel Dieu and military surgeon
Treated wounds using turpentine and conducted amputations using ligatures

54
Q

Who was William Harvey?

A

Born in 1578 in Folkestone
Worked as a royal doctor and lecturer in anatomy
Developed theory of circulation of blood and challenged Galen’s ideas on blood

55
Q

Who was Paracelsus?

A

Born in 1483 in Germany
Disagreed with Galen over the Four Humours and thought disease attacked the body from the outside
Decided mineral remedies to help cure disease eg Mercury and arsenic

56
Q

Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montague?

A

Wife of an English diplomat - ambassador to Turkey in early 1800s
Saw use of inoculation against smallpox
Brought idea back to Britain

57
Q

Who was Edward Jenner?

A

Born in England, 1749
Developed first vaccine for smallpox using cowpox
FACED OPPOSITION such as Royal Society, but Parliament granted him £30,000 to set up a vaccination clinic in London

58
Q

Who was Elizabeth Garret?

A

1836
First woman doctor to qualify in Paris in 1870
Founded The New Hospital for Women in London
In 1876 a law was passed allowing women to enter medical professions

59
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale?

A

1820
Worked as a nurse at the Scutari Hospital in the Crimea
Published “Notes on Nursing”
Founded first training school for nurses (1860)

60
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur?

A

France, 1822
Author of “Germ Theory” - challenged the theory of “spontaneous generation” and miasmas
Use of new technologies, eg Listers microscope helped him make his discoveries

61
Q

Who was Wilhelm Rontjen?

A

X-RAYS 1895

Most important in WW1

62
Q

Who was Ehrlich?

A

FIRST MAGIC BULLET

Salvarsan 606

63
Q

Who was Domagk?

A

2nd Magic Bullet against blood poisoning - sulphonamide
Test on daughter
Magic bullets kill all bacteria

64
Q

When was the first heart transplant, and who performed the surgery?

A

1967; Barnard

65
Q

When was the printing press founded?

A

1454

AQA GCSE History: Medicine and Germany (2 decks)

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