Germany Flashcards
When was the Spartacist Revolt?
January 5-12 1919
When was the Weimar Republic established?
February 1919
When was the signing of the Treaty of Versailles?
June 28 1919
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 13-17 1920
When did Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr?
January 11 1923
When did Gustav Stressemann become Chancellor?
August 13 1923
When was the Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch?
November 8 1923
When did Stressemann’s government collapse?
November 23 1923
When did German hyperinflation peak?
December 1923
When did the Dawes plan come into effect?
September 1924
When did Hitler get Chancellorship?
January 1933
When was the Reichstag Fire?
February 27 1933
When was the Enabling Act?
March 23 1933
When did the boycott of Jewish owned businesses and of Jewish professionals begin?
April 1 1933
When were Trade Unions banned in Germany?
May 1933
When was WWI Armistice?
November 11 1918
When were political parties (other than the Nazis) banned?
July 1933
When was the Nuremberg Laws established - and what did they entail?
September 15 1935
Ban of marriage between Jews and non-Jews and banning Jews from German citizenship
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
June 30 1934
When was Kristallnacht - and what is the english translation?
November 9-10 1938
The Night of the Broken Glass
When was the invasion of Poland as the mark of the outbreak of WWII?
September 1 1939
When did the Nazis begin the ‘Final Solution’?
1942
When was the Stauffenberg Plot (the attempted assassination of Hitler)?
July 20 1944
When did Hitler commit suicide?
April 30 1945
When was the final surrender of the German Army?
May 7 1945
When was the Wall Street Crash?
October 28-29 1929
What were the “6 Steps to Power” for Hitlers rise to Dictatorship?
The Reichstag Fire: February 27 1933
New Elections: March 1933
The Enabling Act: March 24 1933
(Political Parties are BANNED in July 1933)
The Night of the Long Knives: June 29 1934
The Death of Hindenberg: August 2 1934
The Further Oath: August 1934
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
- Germany had to take the blame and responsibility for WWI (war guilt clause)
- Germany lost its colonies (German Empire)
- to pay reparations (mostly paid towards France)
- Militarg was dramatically cut (army, navy, etc)
- Redrawing of German borders (lost land)
Whom were the presidents (etc) in charge at time of the Treaty of Versailles?
Woodraw Wilson = President of USA
David Lloyd George = Prime Minister
George Clemenceaw = President of France
What was the Spartacist Rising, and who was involved?
January 5-12 1919
They were the Revolutionaries (a communist group)
LED BY: Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
Turned workers protest into a (unsuccessful revolution). They took over newspaper and telegraphs headquarters- but hoped other protesters would help capture other buildings, which did not happen.
They were captured by the army and Freikorps. 100 workers were killed, and Luxemburg was shot by the Freikorps and Liebknecht was also murdered - the Spartacists struggled without their leaders.
What was the Red Rising in the Ruhr, and who was involved?
1920
Angry German workers angered by bad pay and working conditions, run by members of the Communist Party.
30,000 workers occupied the Ruhr region and took control of its raw materials.
The army and Freicorps crushed the rising with over 1000 workers being killed.
Poor planning led to an unsuccessful rising.
What was the Kapp Putsch, and who was involved?
March 13-17 1920
After the government disbanded the Kreikorps, so Wolfgang Kapp led the Freikorps on a March.
12,000 marched to Berlin and gained control to form a new government. But workers staged a General Strike and Kapp gave up and fled Berlin.
The government didn’t punish the rebels due to many sympathising with the Freikorps.
Elbert’s government returned.
What is the Munich Putsch, and who was involved?
November 8 1923
The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler and General Ludendorff - 35,000 members and SA were involved.
They believed democracy led to a weak government and they planned, by a revolution, to create a new government.
Hitler and 600 SA soldiers burst into a meeting with the leader of Bavaria (Kahr). They forced Kahr to promise support to the Nazis.
Unsuccessful due to poorly planned Putsch, and Kahr withdrawing support and siding with the German government.
Hitler was sentenced to serve 5 years in prison for high treason, but only served 9 months - where he wrote “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle).
What were the three plans to help Germany in the “Golden Years”?
Locarno Treaty, December 1925
- Accepts the borders made by the Treaty of Versailles and becomes a part of the negotiations
Dawes Plan, September 1924
- introduction of the Rentenmark and loans from USA
Young Plan, February 1929
- reduction of Germany’s reparation payments over 59 years
