Medicine Flashcards
(unstable angina, asthma, dypepsia etc
What is the first-line treatment for Unstable Angina?
Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN), Aspirin, Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor, Beta-blockers, Statin
GTN: 300–600 micrograms sublingually; Aspirin: 300mg stat, then 75mg once daily; Clopidogrel: 300mg loading dose, then 75mg once daily; Ticagrelor: 180mg loading dose, then 90mg twice daily; Beta-blockers: 2.5–10mg once daily; Statin: Atorvastatin 80mg once daily.
What is the initial dose of Glyceryl Trinitrate for Unstable Angina?
300–600 micrograms sublingually
Repeat after 5 minutes if needed.
What is the first-line treatment for Acute Asthma in adults?
Salbutamol, Ipratropium Bromide, Prednisolone, Oxygen, IV Magnesium Sulfate
Salbutamol: 4–10 puffs every 20 minutes; Ipratropium: 500 micrograms nebulised every 4–6 hours; Prednisolone: 40–50mg once daily for 5 days; Target SpO₂: 94–98%; IV Magnesium Sulfate: 1.2–2g IV over 20 minutes if life-threatening.
How is Dyspepsia first-line treatment managed?
Lifestyle advice, Antacids, PPIs, Triple therapy if H. pylori suspected
Antacids: Gaviscon Advance 10–20mL after meals; PPIs: Omeprazole 20mg once daily or Lansoprazole 30mg once daily; Triple therapy: Omeprazole 20mg BD + Clarithromycin 500mg BD + Amoxicillin 1g BD for 7 days.
What treatment is recommended for mild Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CURB-65 0-1)?
Amoxicillin: 500mg TDS for 5 days or Doxycycline if penicillin-allergic
Doxycycline: 200mg stat, then 100mg OD for 5 days.
What is the first-line treatment for Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
ACE inhibitor, Beta-blocker, Loop diuretic, ARB if intolerant to ACEI
ACE inhibitor: Ramipril 1.25mg OD, titrate up to 10mg OD; Beta-blocker: Bisoprolol starting at 1.25mg OD; Loop diuretic: Furosemide 20–40mg OD.
What is the first-line treatment for hypertension in patients under 55 years old and not Black?
ACE inhibitor (Ramipril 2.5mg OD)
Max dose: 10mg OD.
What is the first-line treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Metformin
Start at 500mg OD, increase to 1g BD as tolerated.
What is the first-line treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Short-acting bronchodilator (SABA or SAMA)
Salbutamol 100 mcg inhaler 2 puffs PRN or Ipratropium 40mcg inhaler 2 puffs QID.
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim if eGFR <45
Nitrofurantoin: 100mg MR BD for 3 days (women) or 7 days (men); Trimethoprim: 200mg BD for 3 days.
What is the preferred anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation (AF)?
DOACs (Apixaban or Rivaroxaban)
Apixaban: 5mg BD; Rivaroxaban: 20mg OD.
What is the first-line treatment for Hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
Start at 50–100mcg OD, titrate to maintain normal TSH.
What is the first-line treatment for Sepsis according to NICE Sepsis Six Protocol?
IV fluids and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics
IV fluids: 500mL crystalloid bolus; antibiotics based on source (e.g., pneumonia: IV Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin).
What is the dose of Prednisolone for Acute Asthma?
40–50mg once daily for 5 days
Administered orally.
Fill in the blank: For Community-Acquired Pneumonia with CURB-65 ≥3, the treatment involves IV _______ and IV _______.
Co-amoxiclav, Clarithromycin
Co-amoxiclav 1.2g TDS + Clarithromycin 500mg BD.
True or False: Statins are recommended as first-line treatment for Unstable Angina.
True
Example: Atorvastatin 80mg once daily.
What is the initial dose of Clopidogrel for Unstable Angina?
300mg loading dose
Followed by 75mg once daily.
