Medicine Flashcards
Why did people not challenge the church and their medicine theories?
Because it was gods plan. So if you challenged the church you were challenging god and people didn’t want to go to hell
Who was thrown in jail for questioning the church?
Roger bacon
What years were the medieval?
1250-1500
What were the 4 mains cures for illness in the medieval times?
- herbal remedies
- bleeding
- praying
- opposites
Name 4 reasons why medicine didn’t change in the medieval times.
- education
- church
- government
- beliefs and attitudes
Who had the most influence on people in the medieval times?
The church
Name the 4 humours and what they are associated with
Yellow bile - hot and dry, air, summer
Blood - wet and hot, air, spring
Phlegm - wet and cool, water, winter
Black bile - cold and dry, autumn, earth
What were the theories of what/why caused disease
- god punishing you for your sins
- astrology
- miasma
- demons
- your 4 humours being unbalanced
Cholera
When was the new London sewer introduced?
1875
Cholera
When was the second cholera outbreak?
1854
Soho - London
Cholera
When was John Snow’s theory on the spread of cholera?
That cholera was spread by water contamination not by miasma
Cholera
What was the pump called that was causing cholera?
Broad street water pump
Cholera
Why was John snow not listened to by the government?
There was no scientific evidence
Cholera
When was the first cholera epidemic?
1848-9
Cholera
What was the doctor living in Soho that studied the outbreak?
John Snow
What did the public health act 1975 state?
- provide clean water
- dispose of all sewage
- inside that only safe food was sold
Small pox
What did Jenner discover?
- he treated people from cow pox and noticed how they never caught small pox
- tried to infect people who had cow pox with small pox, did not work
- in 1798 the Royal Society refused to publish his findings
When was it announced that small pox was wiped out?
Who announced it?
- 1979
- WHO, world health organisation
Small pox
By 1800 how many people worldwide were vaccinated?
100,000
Small pox
Oppositions to Edward Jenner
- people thought it was wrong to give people an animals disease
- it inferred with god’s plan
- doctors lost money when the government offered vaccination free
- some doctors didn’t vaccinate people properly
When was the germ theory discovered?
By who?
What did Robert Koch do to Pasteur’s theory?
- 1861
- Louis Pasteur
- he realised you could stain bacteria and that different disease were caused by specific microbes
Explain three ways that led to the development of the gem theory
- Technology, e.g. microscopes allowed microorganisms to be clearly seen
- Scientific methods of experimenting, observing, and recording
- Individuals, Pasteur’s skills and knowledge
- What was Thomas Sydenham book called?
- and in what year?
- observations Medicae
- 1676
How did Thomas Sydenham think you should treat patients?
- what years did he work as a doctor?
- He believed instead of going off textbooks. He observed his patients and recorded symptoms in detail.
- 1660s and 70s
What did William Harvey discover?
Whose famous doctor was he?
- That the heart was like a pump and blood went to the heart
- king James 1st
Which one of Galen’s theories did he prove wrong?
He proved that the blood was not produced in the liver, encouraging others to challenge Galen.
Three ways in which hospitals had improved by the end of the 19th century
- cleaner and more hygienic, so infection was less likely
- nurses were trained and had a more central role
- visitors were not involved in caring for patients
- hospitals were better designed in terms of light, ventilation and sanitation
When did Versailles study medicine?
Who did he prove wrong and why was it significant?
- 1533
- he proved galen wrong which helped and encouraged others to question others of Galens theory
Give three reasons why surgery was more successful by 1900?
- development of anaesthetics meant surgery became pain-free, meant that patients didn’t struggle
- Discovery of antiseptic meant that the death rate of infection lowered
Anaesthetics and antiseptics meant more complex operations could be attempted
