Medications__Top 200 Drugs__By Drug Class (About 20%) Flashcards
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure
Side Effects: Cough, Increas potassium, hypotension, angioedema (face swell)
Hints: End in“pril” A Coughing Enzyme
Top 200 egs: Lotensin/benazepril Vasotec/enalapril Zestril/lisinopril Altace/ramipril
Beta blockers
Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure
Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension
Hints: end “lol”
Top 200 egs: Tenormin/atenolol Coreg/carvedilol Lopressor/metoprolol tartrate Toprol XL/ metoprolol succinate Bystolic/nebivolol Inderal/propranolol
Calcium channel blockers
Common Indications: Hypertension
Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press), Bradycardia (low heart rate) = diltiazem verapamil only
Top 200 egs: Norvasc/amlodipine Cardizem/diltiazem Verelan, Calan/verapamil Lotrel/amlodipine benazepril Procardia/Nifedipine
Alpha antagonists
Common Indications: Hypertension
Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press)
Top 200 egs:
Catapres/clonidine
Diuretics (“water pills”)
Common Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Side Effects: Hypotension, electrolyte changes
Hints: ends w/ “ide” or “one”. Known as water pills.
Top 200 egs: Thalitone/chlorthalidone Lasix/furosemide Microzide/hydrochlorothiazide Dyazide/HCTZ-triamterene Aldactone/spironolactone Zestoretic/lisinopril-HCTZ Hyzaar/ losartan-HCTZ Diovan HCT/Valsartan-HCTZ
Vasodilators
Class: Vasodilators
Common Indications: heart failure, angina
Side Effects: Hypotension, headache
Top 200 egs: Apresoline/hydralazine Imdur/isosorbide mononitrate Nitrostat/nitroglycerin sublingual Nitro-dur/ nitroglycerin transdermal
Cardiac Glycosides
Common Indications: atrial filibratre (irregular heartbeat), heart failure
Side Effects: Digoxin toxicity (bradycardia), arrythimia, vision loss
Hints: Digoxin is a toxin
Top 200 egs:
Digitex/digoxin
Anti- arrythmic meds
Common Indications: various arrythmias
Side Effects: arrythmia
Top 200 egs:
Cordarone/amiodarone
Injectible lidocaine
Anti-platelet drugs
Common Indications: prevent heart attacks, stroke
Side Effects: bleed, bruise
Top 200 egs:
Ecotrin/aspirin
Plavix/clopidogrel
Brilinta/ticagrelor
Anticoagulants
Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, heart attacks, stroke.
Side Effects: bleed, bruise
Top 200 egs: Eliquis/apixaban Pradaxa/dabigatran Xarelto/rivaroxaban Coumadin/warfarin Injectables: Lovenox/enoxaparin – heparin
Antithrombotics
Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, stroke.
Side Effects: bleed, bruise
Top 200 egs:
Activase/”T-PA”
Class: Statins (most common)
Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia
Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)
Hints: End in “statin”
Top 200 egs: Lipitor/atorvastatin Lescor/fluvastatin Mevacor/lovastatin Pravahol/Pravastatin Crestor/rosuvastatin Zocor/simvastatin
Class: Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)
Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia
Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomonyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)
Hints: Contain “fib”
Top 200 egs:
Tricor/fenofibrate
Trilipx/fenofibric acid
Lopid/gemfibrozil
Class: Erythropoiesis Stimulate agents (ESAs)
Common Indications: Anemia
Side Effects: Blood Clots, Cancer
Hints: Contains “epo”
Top 200 egs:
Aranesp/darbepoetin
Procrit/epoetin alfa
Class: Biguanides (most common class)
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: Lactic Acidosis
Top 200 egs:
Glucophage/metformin
Class: Sulfonylureas
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt. gain
Top 200 egs:
Glucotrol/glipizide
Amaryl/gliepiride
Glynase/glyburide
Class: Thiazolidinediones
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: Fluid retention
Hint: end in “glitazone”
Top 200 egs:
Actos/pioglitazone
Avandia/rosiglitazone
Class: DPP-4 Inhibitors
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: ????
Hint: end in “gliptin”
Top 200 egs: Nesima/alogliptin Tradjenta/linagliptin Onglyza/saxagliptin Januvia/sitagliptin
Class: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: gastrointestinal probs
Hint: end in “tide”
Top 200 egs:
Byetta/exenatide
Victoza/liraglutide
Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: ????
Hint: end in “gliflozin” Top 200 egs: Invokana/canagliflozin Farxiga/dapagliflozin Jardiance/empagliflozin
Class: Glinides
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: Gastrointest
Top 200 egs:
Starlix/Nate glinide
Prandin/repaglinide
Class: Insulin (natural body hormone)
Common Indications: Diabetes
Side Effects: hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt gain
Top 200 egs:
Novolog/insulin aspart
Thyroid Replacement Drugs
Common Indications: Hypothyroidism (not enuf thyroid hormone)
Side Effects: need close monitor of thyroid
Hint: include “thyr”
Top 200 egs:
Synthroid/levothyroxine
Armour thyroid/thyroid
Contraceptives
Common Indications: reduce pregnancy %
Side Effects: breakthru bleed, blood clots
Hint: include “estra” 2nd ingred
Top 200 egs: Ethynyl estradiol/desogestre Ethynyl estradiol/drospirenone Ethynyl estradiol/etonogestrel Ethinyl estradiol/levenorgestrel Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone Ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate norethindrone
Other female hormones
Common Indications: manage signs/symptoms of menopause
Side Effects: risk of clots, cancer
Top 200 egs:
Estrace/estradiol
Prometrium/progesterone
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – Gastrointestinal
Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD)
Side Effects: electrolytes, vitamin deficient
Hint: end w/”prazole”
Top 200 egs: Dexilant/ dexlansoprazole Nexium/esomeprazole Prevacid/lansoprazole Prilosec/omeprazole Aciphex/rabeprazole
Histamine – 2 (H2) Receptor blockers
Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD)
Hint: end w/”tidine”
Top 200 egs:
Tagamet/limetidine
Pepcid/famotidine
Zantac/ranitidine (gone from ’19)
5 – HT3 Antagonists
Common Indications: Nausea, vomit
Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias
Hint: end w/”setron”
Top 200 egs:
zofran/ondansetron
Aloxi/panosetron
Common Indications: Nausea, vomit
Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias
Hint: end w/”setron”
Top 200 egs:
zofran/ondansetron
Aloxi/panosetron
Anti- diarrhea
Common Indications: diarrhea
Side effects: Constipation
Top 200 egs:
Lomotil/diphenoxylate-atropine
Imodium/loperamide
Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Common Indications: major depression
Side Effects: wght chg, sex drive chg.
Hints: end in “pram”, “ine”
Top 200 egs: Celeka/citalopram Lexapro/escitalopram Prozac/fluoxetine Paxil/pabxetine Zoloft/sertraline
Class: Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake (SNRIs)
Common Indications: major depression
Side Effects: nausea, vommit
Hints: end in “ins”, 2 have “venlafaxine” Top 200 egs: Cymbalta/duloxetine Effexor/ venlafaxine Pristiq/ desvenlafaxine
Class: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) – Easy to OD!!
Common Indications: major depression
Side Effects: Overdose
Hints: “triptyline”
Top 200 egs:
Elavil/amitriptyline
Pamelor/norriptyline
Class: Other antidepressants
Common Indications: major depression
Top 200 egs:
Wellbutrin/bupropion
Remeron/mirtazapine
Desyrel trazodone
Class: Antipsychotics
Common Indications: Schizophrenia
Side effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (eps) – can’t sit still, invol musc control
Hints: end in “ine” “one”
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Abilify /aripiprazole Haldol/haloperidol Zyprexa/olanzapine Seroquel/ quetiapine Risperdal/risperidone Geodon/ziprasidone
Class: Mood stabilizers
Common Indications: Bipolar disorder
Side effects: NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX DRUG (drug concentrate reqs monitoring)
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Lithobid/lithium
Class: Antiepilectric drugs
Common Indications: Epilepsy, other mood disorders, neuropathy
Side effects: vary, req serum concentrate
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Tegretol/carbamazepine Neurontin/gabapentin Lamictal/lamotrigine Keppra/levetiracetam Trileptal/oxcarbazepine Lyrica/pregabalin Topomax/topiramate
Class: Opiod analgesics (opiates)
Common Indications: Pain
Side effects: Respiratory depress, somnolence, constip
Hints: control substances, highly addictive Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Lortab/acetaminophen Zohydro/hydrocodone MS contin/morphine Oxycontin/oxycodone Opanaer/oxymorphone Ultram/tramador Suboxone/buprenorphine naloxone
Class: Non-Opiod analgesics
Common Indications: Pain/headache
Side effects: liver toxicity
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Tylenol/acetaminophen
Floricet/acetaminophen/butalbital/caffeine
Class: Non-steroidal anti-inflam drugs (NSAIDs)
Common Indications: Pain, inflammation, fever
Side effects: cardiovasc events, bleed, stom ulcers, kidney fail
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Celebrex/celecoxib Voltaren/diclofenac Motrin/ibuprofen Mobic/meloxicam Aleve/naproxen
Class: Muscle relax
Common Indications: muscle cramp pain
Side effects: Somnolence
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Lioresal/baclofen Flexeril/cyclobenzaprine. Robaxin/methocarbamol Zanaflex/tizanidine
Class: Misc. CNS
Top 200 Lidoderm/lidocaine (patches)
Class: 5-HT Agonists (Triptans)
Common Indications: migraines
Side effects: dizziness, cardiovac events
Hint: end in triptan Top 200 egs Relpax/eletripan Maxalt/ rizatripan Imitrex/ sumatriptan
Class: Antitussives
Common Indications: Supress cough
Side effects: Drowsiness
Top 200 egs
Tessalon/benzonatate
Delsym/dextromethorphan (OTC)
Class: Benzodiazepines
Common Indications: Anxiety
Side effects: Sedation (danger when combine w/other drugs)
Hint: end in “zepam” Top 200 egs Xanaz/alprazolam Klonopin/clonazepam Valium/diazepam Ativan/lorazepam Restoril/temazepam
Class: Non-Benzodiazepine hypnotics
Common Indications: Anxiety, sleep
Side effects: sleepwalk
Hint: z for sleep Top 200 egs Lunesta/eszopiclone Sonata/zaleplon Ambien/zolpidem Buspar/buspirone
Class: Stimulants
Common Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy (daytime drowsy)
Side effects: tics (rapid invol muscle move)
Hint: amphetamine or phenidate
Top 200 egs Focalin/dexmethylphenidate Dexedrine/dextroamphetamine Vyvanse /lisdexamfetamine Ritalin/methylphenidate Provigil/modafinil
Class: non-stimulant drugs for ADHD
Common Indications: ADHD
Top 200 egs
Strattera/atomoxetine
Intuniv/guanfacine
Class: Dopaminergics & dopamine agonists
Common Indications: Parkinson’s
Top 200 egs
Sinimet/Levodopa-carbidopa
Mirapex/pramipexole
Requip/ropinirole
Class: Cholinesterase inhibitors & NMDA receptor antagonists
Common Indications: Alzheimer’s disease
Top 200 egs
Aricept/donepezil
Exelon/rivastigmine
Namenda/memantine
Antibiotics
How work: Target vital processes of bacteria to either kill directly or inhibit their multiply, help immune system.
What for: Bacterial infections
Classes: Penicillins, Cephaslosporins, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines. TEACH SAID DON’T WORRY ABOUT CLASS, JUST GENERAL ANTIOBIOCS.
Sides: Diarrhea, C. Diff infections, bacterial resist builds up, possib blood/heart disorders.
Class: Antivirals
Common Indications: Herpes, Influenza, HIV
Hints: end w/”vir” (vir-virus)
Top 200 egs: Zovirax/acyclovir (Herpes) Valtrax/valacyclovir (Herpes) Tamiflu/oseltamivir (Influenza) Kaletra/lopinavir-ritonacvir (HIV) Isentress/raltegravir (HIV) Viread/tenofovir (HIV)
Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma/COPD
Common Indications: Asthma, COPD
Side Effects: Fungal infections of mouth if patient not rinse residue
Hints: names sound like lung, pulmonary or breathing
Top 200 egs: QVAR/beclomethasone Pulmicort/budesonide Flovent/fluticasone Asmanex/mometasone Symbicort/ budesonide-formoterol Advair/ fluticasone-salmeterol
Antihistamines
Common Indications: Allergies, some for motion sick/nausea
Side effects: Drowsy, dry mouth
Hints: end w/”zine”, “dine”
Top 200 egs: Zyrtec/cetirizine Benadryl/diphenhydramine Atarax/hydroxyzine Xyzal/levocetirizine Claritin/loratadine Bonine/meclizine Phenergan/promethazine
Corticosteroids
Common Indications: Allergies, asthma, other inflammatory
Oral or injectable
Side effects: Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), wgt gain, immune suppress
Hints: end w/”one” Top 200 egs: Medrol/methylprednisolone Orapred/prednisolone Deltasone/prednisone
Intranasal Corticosteroids
Common Indications: Allergic rhinitis
Top 200 egs: Rhinocort Aqua/budesonide Flonase/fluticasone Nasonex/mometasone Nasacort/triamcinolone
Monoclonal Antibodies (relatively new)
Common Indications: Vary inflammatory disease, e.g. psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
Side effects: suppress immune system, risk of infections.
Hints: end in “mab” monoclonal antibody Top 200 egs: Humira/adalimumab Enbrel/etanercept Remicade/infliximab Rituxan/rituximab
Alpha Antagonists (dilate urine)
Common Indications: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), i.e. prostrate gland enlarge
Side effects: Orthostatic hypotension (form of low blood pressure)
Hints: ends in “osin”
Top 200 egs:
Cardura/doxazosin
Flomax/tamsulosin
Hytrin/terazosin
Bisphosphonates
Common Indications: Osteoporosis, disease that weaks/thins bones
Side effects: erosive esophagitis (need drink lot of water)
Hint: ends in “dronate” Top 200 egs: Fosamex/alendronate Boniva/ibandronate Actonel/risedronate
