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Pharma Test > Medications__Top 200 Drugs__By Drug Class (About 20%) > Flashcards

Medications__Top 200 Drugs__By Drug Class (About 20%) Flashcards

1
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure

Side Effects: Cough, Increas potassium, hypotension, angioedema (face swell)

Hints: End in“pril” A Coughing Enzyme

Top 200 egs:
Lotensin/benazepril
Vasotec/enalapril
Zestril/lisinopril
Altace/ramipril
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2
Q

Beta blockers

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure

Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension

Hints: end “lol”

Top 200 egs:
Tenormin/atenolol
Coreg/carvedilol
Lopressor/metoprolol tartrate
Toprol XL/ metoprolol succinate
Bystolic/nebivolol
Inderal/propranolol
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3
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Common Indications: Hypertension

Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press), Bradycardia (low heart rate) = diltiazem verapamil only

Top 200 egs:
Norvasc/amlodipine
Cardizem/diltiazem
Verelan, Calan/verapamil
Lotrel/amlodipine benazepril
Procardia/Nifedipine
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4
Q

Alpha antagonists

A

Common Indications: Hypertension

Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press)

Top 200 egs:
Catapres/clonidine

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5
Q

Diuretics (“water pills”)

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, heart failure

Side Effects: Hypotension, electrolyte changes

Hints: ends w/ “ide” or “one”. Known as water pills.

Top 200 egs:
Thalitone/chlorthalidone
Lasix/furosemide
Microzide/hydrochlorothiazide
Dyazide/HCTZ-triamterene
Aldactone/spironolactone
Zestoretic/lisinopril-HCTZ
Hyzaar/ losartan-HCTZ
Diovan HCT/Valsartan-HCTZ
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6
Q

Vasodilators

A

Class: Vasodilators

Common Indications: heart failure, angina

Side Effects: Hypotension, headache

Top 200 egs:
Apresoline/hydralazine
Imdur/isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrostat/nitroglycerin sublingual
Nitro-dur/ nitroglycerin transdermal
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7
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

Common Indications: atrial filibratre (irregular heartbeat), heart failure

Side Effects: Digoxin toxicity (bradycardia), arrythimia, vision loss

Hints: Digoxin is a toxin

Top 200 egs:
Digitex/digoxin

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8
Q

Anti- arrythmic meds

A

Common Indications: various arrythmias

Side Effects: arrythmia

Top 200 egs:
Cordarone/amiodarone
Injectible lidocaine

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9
Q

Anti-platelet drugs

A

Common Indications: prevent heart attacks, stroke

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Ecotrin/aspirin
Plavix/clopidogrel
Brilinta/ticagrelor

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10
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, heart attacks, stroke.

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Eliquis/apixaban
Pradaxa/dabigatran
Xarelto/rivaroxaban
Coumadin/warfarin
Injectables: Lovenox/enoxaparin – heparin
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11
Q

Antithrombotics

A

Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, stroke.

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Activase/”T-PA”

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12
Q

Class: Statins (most common)

A

Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia

Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)

Hints: End in “statin”

Top 200 egs:
Lipitor/atorvastatin
Lescor/fluvastatin
Mevacor/lovastatin
Pravahol/Pravastatin
Crestor/rosuvastatin
Zocor/simvastatin
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13
Q

Class: Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

A

Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia

Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomonyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)

Hints: Contain “fib”

Top 200 egs:
Tricor/fenofibrate
Trilipx/fenofibric acid
Lopid/gemfibrozil

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14
Q

Class: Erythropoiesis Stimulate agents (ESAs)

A

Common Indications: Anemia

Side Effects: Blood Clots, Cancer

Hints: Contains “epo”

Top 200 egs:
Aranesp/darbepoetin
Procrit/epoetin alfa

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15
Q

Class: Biguanides (most common class)

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Lactic Acidosis

Top 200 egs:
Glucophage/metformin

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16
Q

Class: Sulfonylureas

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt. gain

Top 200 egs:
Glucotrol/glipizide
Amaryl/gliepiride
Glynase/glyburide

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17
Q

Class: Thiazolidinediones

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Fluid retention

Hint: end in “glitazone”
Top 200 egs:
Actos/pioglitazone
Avandia/rosiglitazone

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18
Q

Class: DPP-4 Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: ????

Hint: end in “gliptin”

Top 200 egs:
Nesima/alogliptin
Tradjenta/linagliptin
Onglyza/saxagliptin
Januvia/sitagliptin
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19
Q

Class: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: gastrointestinal probs

Hint: end in “tide”
Top 200 egs:
Byetta/exenatide
Victoza/liraglutide

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20
Q

Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: ????

Hint: end in “gliflozin”
Top 200 egs:
Invokana/canagliflozin
Farxiga/dapagliflozin
Jardiance/empagliflozin
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21
Q

Class: Glinides

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Gastrointest

Top 200 egs:
Starlix/Nate glinide
Prandin/repaglinide

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22
Q

Class: Insulin (natural body hormone)

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt gain

Top 200 egs:
Novolog/insulin aspart

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23
Q

Thyroid Replacement Drugs

A

Common Indications: Hypothyroidism (not enuf thyroid hormone)

Side Effects: need close monitor of thyroid

Hint: include “thyr”

Top 200 egs:
Synthroid/levothyroxine
Armour thyroid/thyroid

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24
Q

Contraceptives

A

Common Indications: reduce pregnancy %

Side Effects: breakthru bleed, blood clots

Hint: include “estra” 2nd ingred

Top 200 egs:
Ethynyl estradiol/desogestre
Ethynyl estradiol/drospirenone
Ethynyl estradiol/etonogestrel
Ethinyl estradiol/levenorgestrel
Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
Ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate norethindrone
25
Other female hormones
Common Indications: manage signs/symptoms of menopause Side Effects: risk of clots, cancer Top 200 egs: Estrace/estradiol Prometrium/progesterone
26
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – Gastrointestinal
Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD) Side Effects: electrolytes, vitamin deficient Hint: end w/”prazole” ``` Top 200 egs: Dexilant/ dexlansoprazole Nexium/esomeprazole Prevacid/lansoprazole Prilosec/omeprazole Aciphex/rabeprazole ```
27
Histamine – 2 (H2) Receptor blockers
Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD) Hint: end w/”tidine” Top 200 egs: Tagamet/limetidine Pepcid/famotidine Zantac/ranitidine (gone from ’19)
28
5 – HT3 Antagonists
Common Indications: Nausea, vomit Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias Hint: end w/”setron” Top 200 egs: zofran/ondansetron Aloxi/panosetron
29
Common Indications: Nausea, vomit
Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias Hint: end w/”setron” Top 200 egs: zofran/ondansetron Aloxi/panosetron
30
Anti- diarrhea
Common Indications: diarrhea Side effects: Constipation Top 200 egs: Lomotil/diphenoxylate-atropine Imodium/loperamide
31
Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Common Indications: major depression Side Effects: wght chg, sex drive chg. Hints: end in “pram”, “ine” ``` Top 200 egs: Celeka/citalopram Lexapro/escitalopram Prozac/fluoxetine Paxil/pabxetine Zoloft/sertraline ```
32
Class: Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake (SNRIs)
Common Indications: major depression Side Effects: nausea, vommit ``` Hints: end in “ins”, 2 have “venlafaxine” Top 200 egs: Cymbalta/duloxetine Effexor/ venlafaxine Pristiq/ desvenlafaxine ```
33
Class: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) – Easy to OD!!
Common Indications: major depression Side Effects: Overdose Hints: “triptyline” Top 200 egs: Elavil/amitriptyline Pamelor/norriptyline
34
Class: Other antidepressants
Common Indications: major depression Top 200 egs: Wellbutrin/bupropion Remeron/mirtazapine Desyrel trazodone
35
Class: Antipsychotics
Common Indications: Schizophrenia Side effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (eps) – can’t sit still, invol musc control Hints: end in “ine" "one" ``` Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Abilify /aripiprazole Haldol/haloperidol Zyprexa/olanzapine Seroquel/ quetiapine Risperdal/risperidone Geodon/ziprasidone ```
36
Class: Mood stabilizers
Common Indications: Bipolar disorder Side effects: NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX DRUG (drug concentrate reqs monitoring) Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Lithobid/lithium
37
Class: Antiepilectric drugs
Common Indications: Epilepsy, other mood disorders, neuropathy Side effects: vary, req serum concentrate ``` Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Tegretol/carbamazepine Neurontin/gabapentin Lamictal/lamotrigine Keppra/levetiracetam Trileptal/oxcarbazepine Lyrica/pregabalin Topomax/topiramate ```
38
Class: Opiod analgesics (opiates)
Common Indications: Pain Side effects: Respiratory depress, somnolence, constip ``` Hints: control substances, highly addictive Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Lortab/acetaminophen Zohydro/hydrocodone MS contin/morphine Oxycontin/oxycodone Opanaer/oxymorphone Ultram/tramador Suboxone/buprenorphine naloxone ```
39
Class: Non-Opiod analgesics
Common Indications: Pain/headache Side effects: liver toxicity Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Tylenol/acetaminophen Floricet/acetaminophen/butalbital/caffeine
40
Class: Non-steroidal anti-inflam drugs (NSAIDs)
Common Indications: Pain, inflammation, fever Side effects: cardiovasc events, bleed, stom ulcers, kidney fail ``` Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Celebrex/celecoxib Voltaren/diclofenac Motrin/ibuprofen Mobic/meloxicam Aleve/naproxen ```
41
Class: Muscle relax
Common Indications: muscle cramp pain Side effects: Somnolence ``` Top 200 egs (oral and injectable) Lioresal/baclofen Flexeril/cyclobenzaprine. Robaxin/methocarbamol Zanaflex/tizanidine ```
42
Class: Misc. CNS
Top 200 Lidoderm/lidocaine (patches)
43
Class: 5-HT Agonists (Triptans)
Common Indications: migraines Side effects: dizziness, cardiovac events ``` Hint: end in triptan Top 200 egs Relpax/eletripan Maxalt/ rizatripan Imitrex/ sumatriptan ```
44
Class: Antitussives
Common Indications: Supress cough Side effects: Drowsiness Top 200 egs Tessalon/benzonatate Delsym/dextromethorphan (OTC)
45
Class: Benzodiazepines
Common Indications: Anxiety Side effects: Sedation (danger when combine w/other drugs) ``` Hint: end in “zepam” Top 200 egs Xanaz/alprazolam Klonopin/clonazepam Valium/diazepam Ativan/lorazepam Restoril/temazepam ```
46
Class: Non-Benzodiazepine hypnotics
Common Indications: Anxiety, sleep Side effects: sleepwalk ``` Hint: z for sleep Top 200 egs Lunesta/eszopiclone Sonata/zaleplon Ambien/zolpidem Buspar/buspirone ```
47
Class: Stimulants
Common Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy (daytime drowsy) Side effects: tics (rapid invol muscle move) Hint: amphetamine or phenidate ``` Top 200 egs Focalin/dexmethylphenidate Dexedrine/dextroamphetamine Vyvanse /lisdexamfetamine Ritalin/methylphenidate Provigil/modafinil ```
48
Class: non-stimulant drugs for ADHD
Common Indications: ADHD Top 200 egs Strattera/atomoxetine Intuniv/guanfacine
49
Class: Dopaminergics & dopamine agonists
Common Indications: Parkinson’s Top 200 egs Sinimet/Levodopa-carbidopa Mirapex/pramipexole Requip/ropinirole
50
Class: Cholinesterase inhibitors & NMDA receptor antagonists
Common Indications: Alzheimer’s disease Top 200 egs Aricept/donepezil Exelon/rivastigmine Namenda/memantine
51
Antibiotics
How work: Target vital processes of bacteria to either kill directly or inhibit their multiply, help immune system. What for: Bacterial infections Classes: Penicillins, Cephaslosporins, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines. TEACH SAID DON’T WORRY ABOUT CLASS, JUST GENERAL ANTIOBIOCS. Sides: Diarrhea, C. Diff infections, bacterial resist builds up, possib blood/heart disorders.
52
Class: Antivirals
Common Indications: Herpes, Influenza, HIV Hints: end w/”vir” (vir-virus) ``` Top 200 egs: Zovirax/acyclovir (Herpes) Valtrax/valacyclovir (Herpes) Tamiflu/oseltamivir (Influenza) Kaletra/lopinavir-ritonacvir (HIV) Isentress/raltegravir (HIV) Viread/tenofovir (HIV) ```
53
Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma/COPD
Common Indications: Asthma, COPD Side Effects: Fungal infections of mouth if patient not rinse residue Hints: names sound like lung, pulmonary or breathing ``` Top 200 egs: QVAR/beclomethasone Pulmicort/budesonide Flovent/fluticasone Asmanex/mometasone Symbicort/ budesonide-formoterol Advair/ fluticasone-salmeterol ```
54
Antihistamines
Common Indications: Allergies, some for motion sick/nausea Side effects: Drowsy, dry mouth Hints: end w/”zine”, “dine” ``` Top 200 egs: Zyrtec/cetirizine Benadryl/diphenhydramine Atarax/hydroxyzine Xyzal/levocetirizine Claritin/loratadine Bonine/meclizine Phenergan/promethazine ```
55
Corticosteroids
Common Indications: Allergies, asthma, other inflammatory Oral or injectable Side effects: Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), wgt gain, immune suppress ``` Hints: end w/”one” Top 200 egs: Medrol/methylprednisolone Orapred/prednisolone Deltasone/prednisone ```
56
Intranasal Corticosteroids
Common Indications: Allergic rhinitis ``` Top 200 egs: Rhinocort Aqua/budesonide Flonase/fluticasone Nasonex/mometasone Nasacort/triamcinolone ```
57
Monoclonal Antibodies (relatively new)
Common Indications: Vary inflammatory disease, e.g. psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis Side effects: suppress immune system, risk of infections. ``` Hints: end in “mab” monoclonal antibody Top 200 egs: Humira/adalimumab Enbrel/etanercept Remicade/infliximab Rituxan/rituximab ```
58
Alpha Antagonists (dilate urine)
Common Indications: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), i.e. prostrate gland enlarge Side effects: Orthostatic hypotension (form of low blood pressure) Hints: ends in “osin” Top 200 egs: Cardura/doxazosin Flomax/tamsulosin Hytrin/terazosin
59
Bisphosphonates
Common Indications: Osteoporosis, disease that weaks/thins bones Side effects: erosive esophagitis (need drink lot of water) ``` Hint: ends in “dronate” Top 200 egs: Fosamex/alendronate Boniva/ibandronate Actonel/risedronate ```

Pharma Test (5 decks)

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