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Emergency Pharmacology > Medications Used in Cardiac Emergencies > Flashcards

Medications Used in Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What drug class is Epinephrine?

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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2
Q

MOA for Epinephrine?

A

Acts directly on alpha and Beta receptors; B is effected more. ^ in HR contractile force BP, Electrical activity; helps with vasoconstriction in Cardiac Arrest

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3
Q

Drug Class of NeoEpinephrine (Levophed)

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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4
Q

MOA for Neoepinephrine (Levophed)

A

Acts on Alpha and Beta adergenic receptors. Acts more on Alpha; potent vasoconstrictor; ^ in BP in cardiogenic shock and hypotensive emergencies

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5
Q

What drug class is Phenylephrine (Neo- synephrine)

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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6
Q

MOA of Pnenylephrine

A

Synthetic Catecholomine: works on Alpha receptors, ie smooth muscle of heart and lungs; increased peripheral vascular resistance and ^BP. Also used in mucosal capacity for nasotracheal intubation

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7
Q

What drug class in Isoproterenal?

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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8
Q

MOA of Isoproterenol

A

Synthetic catecholomine that acts on B receptors

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9
Q

What drug class is Dopamine considered?

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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10
Q

MOA for Dopamine

A

Useful in hypotension; increases BP by acting on Alpha and B1. B1= intropic effect on the heart. A= vasoconstriction which increases systolic BP and Pulse pressure

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11
Q

What drug class in Dobutamine?

A

Sympathetic Agonist

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12
Q

MOA of Dobutamine?

A

Acts on B1; increase systolic contraction + intropic effect with little chronotropic activity; useful in CHF when increase in HR is not desired.

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13
Q

Drug class of Inamrinone (Inocor)?

A

Intrope (Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor)

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14
Q

MOA for Inamrinone (Inocor)?

A

+ intrope ^CO; vasodilatory properties, does not stimulate Alpha and B adernegenic receptors; use in CHF when not responsive to dobutamine.

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15
Q

Drug Class of Milrinone?

A

Intrope (phosphodiesterase inhibitor)

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16
Q

MOA for Milrinone?

A

+ ontrope some vasodilatory properties; no a or B stimulation; inhibition og cylic guanosine monophosphate; like dobutamine but with less tachycardia

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17
Q

Drug class of Vasopressin (Pritressin)

A

Hormone (Vasopressor)

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18
Q

MOA of Vasopressin (Pritressin)

A

non Alpha adregenic vasoconstriction through direct stimulation of smooth muscle receptors

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19
Q

What is a sympathetic agonist i.e. sympathomimetic?

A

mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous.

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20
Q

What is a adrenergic antagonist?

A

A class of medications that antagonize adrenergic receptor sites. Blocks Alpha and Beta receptors, can be selective.

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21
Q

Drug class of Propranolol?

A

Non- selective Beta blocker.

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22
Q

MOA of Propranolol?

A

Non selective blocking Beta receptors. Reduction in HR, contractile force,BP and myocardial o2 demand. Useful in Vtach/Vfib

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23
Q

Drug class of Sotalol?

A

Beta-blocker Class 2 and 3 antiarrythmic

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24
Q

MOA of Sotalol?

A

blocks Beta 1- myocardial; B2- Pulmonary vascular, uterine adnergenic receptor site.

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25
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) drug class?

A

Selective B blocker.

26
Q

Metoprolol MOA

A

B antagonist selective to B1, causes reduction in HR BP CO. Inhibit tachycardia after MI :protective of the heart” reduction in V fib and CP after MI

27
Q

Drug class of Labetalol?

A

Non selective B Blocker

28
Q

MOA for Labetalol?

A

Non selective B1 and 2. Selective A1. blocks vasoconstriction causing vasodialation; lowers BP by dialation and decresing CO from B1

29
Q

Drug class of Atenolol?

A

Selective B blocker. class 2 antiarrhythmic

30
Q

MOA of Atenolol?

A

Selectively blocks B1 receptors. reduction in HR BP contractile force, myocardial o2 demend.; treating recurrent tachycardias.

31
Q

Drug class of Esmolol?

A

Selective B blocker (class 2)

32
Q

MOA of Esmolol?

A

Selective B1 blocker. Rapid onset, short duration; slow rapid HR in SVTs and (afib and flutter) Pts with rapid HR can cause Angina or CHF by not allowing proper fluid of the ventricles

33
Q

According to the Vaughn Williams classification, a class 1 effect is what kind of anti arrythmic?

A

Sodium Channel Blocker

34
Q

According to Vaughn Williams classification a class 2 effect is what?

A

Non competitive A and B blocker

35
Q

Class 3 effect?

A

Potassium channel blockade

36
Q

Class 4 effect?

A

Calcium Channel blockade

37
Q

What is the Drug class of Lidocaine?

A

Antiarrythmic

38
Q

MoA for Lidocaine?

A

Lidocaine depresses depolarization and automaticity in the ventricles

39
Q

Drug class of Procainamide?

A

Anti arrythmic

40
Q

MoA for Procainamide?

A

supresses ventricular ectopy. reduced automaticity of pacemaker sites of the heart. slows intraventricular conduction

41
Q

Drug class of Adenosine (Adenocard)?

A

Class V anti arrythmic

42
Q

MoA of Adenosine?

A

decreases conduction through the AV node and inturrupt AV reentry pathways. Can effectively terminate SVT. Chemical cardioversion.

43
Q

Drug class of Verapamil?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (class IV antiarrythmic

44
Q

MoA of VeraPamil?

A

Causes vascular dialation and slows conduction through the AV node. inhibits arrythmias caused by reentry to teh AV node, decreases RVR, reduces o2 demand, causes coranary and peripheral vasodialation.

45
Q

Drug class of Diltiazem (cardizem)?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker, Class IV antiarrythmic

46
Q

MoA of Diltiazem?

A

Causes vascular dialation and slows conduction through the AV node. Slows RVR. negitive intropic and decrease in angina, dialates the coronary atreries

47
Q

Drug class of Amiodarone?

A

Anti arrythmic agent, Class 3

48
Q

MoA of Amiodarone?

A

Prolongs action potnetial duration in all cardiac tissues. Affects NA K CA channels and has A and B adnergenic blocking properties. used in v fib v tach used in SVT

49
Q

Drug class of Phenytoin?

A

Antiarrythmic and anticonvulsant

50
Q

MoA of Phenytoin?

A

Can be used to treat epilepsy, but depresses spontaneous polarization of ventricular tissues and improves AV conduction

51
Q

Drug class of Endrophonium Chloride?

A

Anti arrythmic and cholinesterase inhibitor

52
Q

MoA of Endrophonium Chloride?

A

Slows SVTS by inhibiting actions of acetylcholinesterase. Enhances the acetylcholine secreted by the vagus nerve/

53
Q

Class of Mag sulfate?

A

Anti Arrythmic

54
Q

MoA of Mag Sulfate?

A

acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission.reduces Vent arrythmias that follow aMI. TOrsades treatment

55
Q

What is a parasympatholytic?

A

Medication that inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic NS.

56
Q

What can parasympatholytics also be called?

A

Anticholinergics

57
Q

Drug class of Atropine?

A

Antiacholinergic

58
Q

MoA for atropine?

A

increases heart rate in bradycardias. blocks acetylcholine receptors, inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation.

59
Q

Cardiac glycosides do what?

A

Increase CO reduce LV diameter decrease venous pressure and hastens reduction of peripheral edema.

60
Q

Drug class of Digoxin?

A

Cardiac Glycoside ( class 5

61
Q

MoA Digoxin?

A

increases cardiac contraction by effecting NA-K pump increases stroke volume slows HR via AV nodal conduction.

Emergency Pharmacology (3 decks)

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