medications for anemia Flashcards
what is MHCH and what does it mean when it is less
it stands for mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and when it is less it means that the hemoglobin content is less and thus there is anemia
what are the different causes for anemia
the different causes for anemia is 1) hypo-proliferation
2)abnormal maturation and 3) hemolysis
tell an eg of anemia caused due to abnormal maturation
and eg of anemia caused due to abnomal maturation is deficiency of folate or vit b12 or iron deficiency sideroblastic anemia , sickle cell and thalassemia
mention drugs which causes aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia and megaloblastic
aplastic anemia, by chloramphinicol (antbiotic)
megaloblastic : methotrexate (used for cancer as well as RA)
hemolytic : penicillin and its derivatives
how will the rbc look like in iron deficiency anemia
microcytic hypochromic
treatment plans for patient with iron deficiency anemia and severe iron deficiency anemia
iron deficiency give iron suppliment and in case of severe iron deficicency then give rbc transfusion
a 61 year old patient is suffering from chronic kidney failure, he has been complaining of fatigue and tiredness for the past one week blood test show microcytic hypochromic blood cells what is you treatment option?
since this patient is suffering from iron deficiency anemia and also having chronic kidney failure we really should replenish his iron storage as fast as possible and for it will give him iron through IV
so does the absorption increase or decrease with increased doses
the absorption decreases with the increase in the dosage so its better to split the dose up and when you add up the amount that you get its gonna be higher
does the absorbed dose differ or is it same all the time
if the iron storage is low then the absorption is high and viseversa
the fe3+ is changed to fe2+ by which enzyme
ascorbate
the fe2+ is transported inside the cell via
divalent metal transporter
the transporter which takes the ferric form cell to blood
ferroportin
how long will it take for the oral treatment to work
it will take 3-6 months
when do we opt to give parental administration of iron
inflammatory bowel diseases
small bowel resection
gastrectomy
hereditary absorption defects
so when you use the iron dextran what happens
so when you use iron dextran the macrophages engulf it and then relase the iron slowly
what happens when you take iron sucrose
the iron is transfered to transferrin through mechanism of trnasporting
so if a patient has gastric distress what will we do we to replenish his iron storage
we give him iv (iron dextran ,iron sucrose) if the need is urgent
or we give him small doses of tabet or delayed release tablet
what is the fatal overdose of iron in children? and what is the treatment therapy
1-10 g
deferoxamine
what are the stimulus’s for the kidney to release erythropoitin
hypoxia, increased demand for o2, decrese rbc
how does teh kidney sense that there is hypoxia
teh peritubular cells in teh kidney senses hypoxia
incase if a pateint had a liver failure and now he needs epo supppliment name some supplemnet and also write its route of administration along with the other supplies
ok so teh suppliemnts are epoetin-alfa and darbepoetin (wich has more half life than epoetin) and both of thenm are administered iv and we should also give iron supplemnt if teh patient is suffering from iron deficiency
adverse effect sof erythropoietin
Hypertension
Seizures
headache probably caused by rapid expansion of blood volume.
Thromboembolemic events
to whom all do we prescribe epo
chronic renal failure
hiv infected pateints
as they are taking zidovudine and thus it is a myelosuppresor
and cancer patients they take methotrexate and it is also a myelosuppresor
sideroblastic anemia is seen in who all
it is seen in patients who are alcoholic, those who take tb medication ie isoniazid and pyrazinamide autoimmune problems and it can be inherited as x linked trait
