Medications and vocabulary

Question 1

Lithium carbonate

Answer 1

Bipolar medication

Question 2

Tricyclic antidepressant side effects

Answer 2

distrubed balance
postural hypotension
falls/ fractures
increased HR 
dysrhythmias
ataxia
seizures

Question 3

Thymus

Answer 3

part of the lymphatic system

where T cells or T lymphocytes mature

Question 4

spleen

Answer 4

production and removal of blood cells

filter of blood

Question 5

Hyperkalemia and the heart

Answer 5

decreased rate and force of heart contraction
widened PR interval and QRS
tall T waves
flattened p wave

Question 6

hypokalemia and the heart

Answer 6

flattened T waves or inverted
widened PR and QT intervals
u wave
arrhythmias, may progress to v-fib

Question 7

hypermagnesemia and the heart

Answer 7

magnesium is a calcium blocker

can lead to arrhythmias or cardiac arresst

Question 8

hypomagnesemia

Answer 8

can lead to ventricular arrhythmias
coronary artery vasospasm
sudden death

Question 9

S1 heart sounds are decreased with which condition

Answer 9

1st degree heart block

Question 10

S2 heart sounds are decreased with what condition

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis

Question 11

systolic heart murmur

Answer 11

heard between S1 and S2
may be due to valvular disease (mitral valve prolapse)
may be normal

Question 12

diastolic heart murmur

Answer 12

heard between S2 and S1

usually indicates valvular disease

Question 13

thrill heart murmur

Answer 13

an abnormal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur

felt on palpation

Question 14

p wave

Answer 14

atrial depolarization

.06-.12 sec

Question 15

PR interval

Answer 15

time required for impulse to travel from atria through conduction system to Purkinje
AV delay allows for atrial kick
.12-.2 or 3-5 small boxes

Question 16

QRS

Answer 16

ventricular depolarization

.04-.1 or 1-2.5 boxes

Question 17

ST segment

Answer 17

beginning of ventricular repolarization

Question 18

T wave

Answer 18

ventricular repolarization

Question 19

QT interval

Answer 19

time for electrical systole

Question 20

paroxysmally

Answer 20

abrupt onset

Question 21

High lateral wall changes LV seen in what leads

Answer 21

1 and AVL

Question 22

Inferior wall LV changes seen in what leads

Answer 22

2,3, AVF

Question 23

Posterior wall changes seen in what leads

Answer 23

V7-V9

Question 24

Anterolateral wall changes seen in which leads

Answer 24

V5-V6, 1, aVL

Question 25

Anteroapical changes seen in which leads

Answer 25

V3,V4

Question 26

Anteroseptal changes seen in which leads

Answer 26

V1, V2

Question 27

Anterior wall changes seen in which leads

Answer 27

V1-V6

Question 28

lateral views seen in which leads

Answer 28

V4-V6

Question 29

Which lead looks to RA

Answer 29

aVR

Question 30

hypercalcemia and the ECG

Answer 30

widens QRS, shortens QT interval

Question 31

Hypocalcemia and the ECG

Answer 31

prolongs QT interval

Question 32

hypothermia

Answer 32

elevates ST segment | slows rhythm

Question 33

Digitalis and ECG

Answer 33

depresses ST segment flattens or inverts T wave QT shortens

Question 34

Quinidine and ECG

Answer 34

QT lengthens T wave flattens or inverts QRS lengthens

Question 35

Beta blockers actions

Answer 35

decreases HR, contractility, myocardial demand blunts HR response to exercise control arrhythmias, chest pain

Question 36

Nitrates (nitroglycerin)

Answer 36

``` increases HR decreases preload through vasodilation reduces myocardial oxygen demand reduces chest discomfort dilate coronary arteries and improve coronary blood flow ```

Question 37

Antiarrhythmic and ECG

Answer 37

prolong QRS and QT intervals

Question 38

RBC norms

Answer 38

``` M= 4.6-6.2 F= 4.2-5.9 ```

Question 39

ESR

Answer 39

rate at which RBC sediment in 1 hour | m=

Question 40

CRP

Answer 40

enzyme produced by the liver in response to inflammation

Question 41

ACE inhibitor action

Answer 41

inhibit conversion of angiotension 1 to 2 and decreases Na retention and peripheral vasoconstriction decrease blood pressure

Question 42

ACE Inhibitor examples

Answer 42

Captopril (capoten) enalopril (vasotec) lisinopril (zestril)

Question 43

ARBs

Answer 43

Losartan (cozaar) blocks binder of angiotension 2 at the tissue/smooth muscle level decreases BP

Question 44

beta blocker examples

Answer 44

atenolol (tenormin) metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol, XL) Propranolol (inderall)

Question 45

calcium channel blocker examples

Answer 45

diltiazem (cardizem, procardia) | amlodipine (Norvasc)

Question 46

calcium channel blockers

Answer 46

``` inhibit flow of calcium ions decrease HR and contractility dilate coronary arteries reduce BP control arrhythmias and chest pain ```

Question 47

antiarrhythmic actions

Answer 47

``` 4 main classes alter conductivity restore normal heart rhythm control arrhythmias improve cardiac output ```

Question 48

antiarrhythmic examples

Answer 48

quinidine | procainamide

Question 49

digitalis

Answer 49

increases contractility decreases HR mainstay in the treatment of CHF

Question 50

Diuretics

Answer 50

decrease myocardial work - reduce preload and afterload control hypertension

Question 51

diuretic examples

Answer 51

furosemide (Lasix) | Hydrochlorothiazide (esidrix)

Question 52

Aspirin

Answer 52

decreases platelet aggregation | may prevent MI

Question 53

Tranquilizers

Answer 53

decrease anxiety | sympathetic effects

Question 54

hypolipidemic agents action

Answer 54

6 main cholesterol lowering drugs | reduce serum lipid levels when diet and weight reduction are not effective

Question 55

hypolipidemic examples

Answer 55

Cholestyramine (Questran) Colestipol (Colestid) simvastatin (Zocor) Lovastatin (mevacor)

Question 56

thrombolytic medications

Answer 56

streptokinase tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) urokinase