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AEMT Pharmacology > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Naloxone: Class

A

Naloxone: Class

Narcotic Antagonist

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2
Q

Naloxone: Indication

A

Naloxone: Indication

Narcotic overdose

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3
Q

Naloxone: Contraindications

A

Naloxone: Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

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4
Q

Naloxone: Precautions

A

Naloxone: Precautions

- May cause withdrawal symptoms

- Many EMS systems titrate to minimum needed for respiratory sufficiency.

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5
Q

Naloxone: Adult Dose

A

Naloxone: Adult Dose

> 20 kg OR > 5 years old:

1 - 2 mg q 5 mins Titrate to effect

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6
Q

Naloxone: Pediatric Dose

A

Naloxone: Pediatric Dose

< 20 kg:

0.1 mg / kg

Max: 2 mg

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7
Q

Naloxone: MOA

A

Naloxone: MOA

- Narcotic antagonist

- Prevents CNS depression

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8
Q

Naloxone: Interactions

A

Naloxone: Interactions

NONE (Just withdrawal)

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9
Q

Naloxone: Side Effects

A

Naloxone: Side Effects

(WIthdrawal symptoms:)

- chest pain

- SOB

- N/V

- arrhythmias

- seizure

- anxiety

(rare: hypo/hypertension)

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10
Q

Naloxone: Form & Route

A

Naloxone: Form & Route

Form: Liquid

Route: IV, IM, SC, IN

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11
Q

Oral Glucose: Class

A

Carbohydrate

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12
Q

Oral Glucose: Indications

A

Hypoglycemia

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13
Q

Oral Glucose: Contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity - Unconscious - Unable to swallow
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14
Q

Oral Glucose: Precautions

A

Monitor for aspiration

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15
Q

Oral Glucose: Adult Dose

A

15 - 30 g

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16
Q

Oral Glucose: Pediatric Dose

A

15 g WI: 15 - 30 g

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17
Q

Oral Glucose: MOA

A

Increases blood glucose

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18
Q

Oral Glucose: Interactions

A

NONE

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19
Q

Oral Glucose: Side Effects

A

N/V

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20
Q

Oral Glucose: Form & Route

A

Form: Gel Route: Buccal

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21
Q

Glucagon: Class

A

Hormone with antihypoglycemic action

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22
Q

Glucagon: Indication

A

Hypoglycemia (esp. inability to establish IV access)

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23
Q

Glucagon: Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

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24
Q

Glucagon: Precautions

A

Use with caution in pt with:

  • CVD
  • adrenal tumor
  • renal disease

Not effective if glycogen depleted.

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25
Q

Glucagon: Adult Dose

A

> 20 kg 1 mg

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26
Q

Glucagon: Pediatric Dose

A

< 20 kg 0.5 mg OR 0.1 mg / kg MAX: 1.0 mg

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27
Q

Glucagon: MOA

A

Raises BG by causing liver to convert glycogen to GLU and release it.

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28
Q

Glucagon: Interactions

A

Few in emergency at therapeutic doses.

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29
Q

Glucagon: Side Effects

A

Glucagon: Side Effects: Rare: - N/V - Tachycardia - Hypotension - Dizziness - Headache

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30
Q

Glucagon: Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid (Reconstituted) Route: IM

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31
Q

D50: Class

A
  • Carbohydrate - Hypertonic crystalloid solution
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32
Q

D50: Indications

A

Hypoglycemia

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33
Q

D50: Contraindications

A
  • hypersensitivity - brain injury - intracranial hemorrhage - stroke
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34
Q

D50: Precautions

A
  • Check BG before using - D50 is hypertonic: will cause necrosis if IV is infiltrated.
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35
Q

D50: Adult Dose

A

25 g (in 50 ml) 0.5 g / kg

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36
Q

D50: Pediatric Dose

A

D25: Mix D50 1:1 with NS 0.5 g / kg Consider D12.5 or D10 for neonates

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37
Q

D50: MOA

A

Increases blood glucose

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38
Q

D50: Interactions

A

None significant in emergency

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39
Q

D50: Side Effects

A
  • N/V - Tissue necrosis if administered in non-patent IV - localized irritation of vein
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40
Q

D50: Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid Route: IV SLOW PUSH

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41
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Class

A

Isotonic crystalloid

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42
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Indications

A
  • hypovolemia (dehydration, fluid loss) - heat stroke, heat exhaustion - DKA
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43
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Contraindications

A

None Book: CHF and/or fluid overload (PE)

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44
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Precautions

A
  • CHF, cardiac overload - Monitor for overload (rales) - Consider Ringer’s or electrolyte solution for significant electrolyte loss
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45
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Adult Dose

A

20 ml / kg Reassess every 500 ml bolus

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46
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Pediatric Dose

A

20 ml / kg Reassess every 250 ml

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47
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): MOA

A

Adds fluid volume

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48
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Interactions

A

NONE

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49
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Side Effects

A

If overadministered: - Dyspnea - Edema - Hemodilution - Electrolyte imbalance

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50
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%): Form

A

Form: Liquid Route: IV

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51
Q

O2: Class

A

Gas

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52
Q

O2: Indications

A

Hypoxia (SpO2 < 95%)

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53
Q

O2: Contraindications

A

NONE

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54
Q

O2: Precautions

A
  • COPD patients are dependent on hypoxic drive, hence may get respiratory depression w/high dose. - Vasoactive: causes vasoconstriction. - Not for routine use in ACS (titrate to 95%)
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55
Q

O2: Adult & Ped. Dose

A

Titrate to 95%

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56
Q

O2: Actions

A

Increases SpO2

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57
Q

O2: Side Effects

A

Rare: - oxtox - atelectasis - apnea Dry mucous membranes w/o humidifier

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58
Q

O2: Form & Route

A

F: Gas R: Inhalation

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59
Q

NO2: Class

A
  • analgesic - anesthetic
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60
Q

NO2: Indications

A
  • isolated musculoskeletal trauma If protocol: - chest pain assoc. with ACS, and not relieved by NTG
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61
Q

NO2: Contraindications

A

NO2: Contraindications - CNS depression - Head injury - COPD - Suspected pneumothorax - ABD pain - Bowel obstruction

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62
Q

NO2: Dose

A
  • Self-administered w/ 50% O2 - Peds: Contact medical control
63
Q

NO2: Action

A

CNS depressant

64
Q

NO2: Interactions

A

NO2: Interactions: Don’t use with sedatives or hypnotics, narcotics, or EtOH.

65
Q

NO2: Precautions

A
  • Well-ventilated area - Teratogenic: don’t use by or around pregnant patients or providers.
66
Q

NO2: Side Effects

A

NO2: Side Effects: - Respiratory depression - N/V - AMS (dizziness, hallucinations)

67
Q

NO2: Form & Route

A

Form: Gas Route: Inhalation

68
Q

Nerve Agent: Class

A
  • anticholinergic (atropine) - acetylcholinesterase regenerator (Pralidoxime Cl)
69
Q

Nerve Agent: Indications

A

Suspected organophosphate nerve agent exposure. Example: sarin, tabun, VX

70
Q

Nerve Agent: Contraindications

71
Q

Nerve Agent: Dose

A

2 mg Atropine 600 mg Pralidoxamine

72
Q

Nerve Agent: MOA

A
  • reduced parasympathetic NS stimulation - via acetylcholine antagonism and maintaining function of acetylcholinesterase
73
Q

Nerve Agent: Side Effects

A
  • dizziness - tachycardia - HTN - HA - N/V - drowsiness - pain at site
74
Q

Nerve Agent: Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid Route: IM (autoinjector)

75
Q

Albuterol: Class

A
  • beta2-selective sympathomimetic - bronchodilator
76
Q

Albuterol: Indications

A

dyspnea assoc. with bronchoconstriction (sign of bronchocontriction = wheezing) (Pt. may have Hx of asthma, COPD)

77
Q

Albuterol: Contraindications

A
  • hypersensitivity - dysrrhythmias - symptomatic tachycardia
78
Q

Albuterol: Precautions

A
  • heart disease - HTN - seizure - diabetes - pregnancy - hyperthyroidism
79
Q

Albuterol: Adult Dose

80
Q

Albuterol: Ped. Dose

A

0.15 mg / kg (WI: 2.5 mg)

81
Q

Albuterol: Actions

A

Bronchodilation via Beta2 agonism, in bronchiolar smooth muscle. Duration ~ 4-6 hrs

82
Q

Albuterol: Side Effects

A
  • anxiety - tremors - HA - dizziness - bronchospasms - chest pain/discomfort - tachycardia - HTN - arrythmias - N/V - perspiration
83
Q

Albuterol: Interactions

A

Do not administer other Beta agonists concurrently. (But low Beta-1 activity).

84
Q

Albuterol: Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid Route: Inhalation via Small-Volume Nebulizer at 6-8 LPM or Metered-Dose Inhaler, 1-2 sprays x 90 mcg, with spacer preferred.

85
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Class

A

parasympatholytic

86
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Indications

A

dyspnea associated with bronchoconstriction May have Hx of asthma, COPD

87
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Contraindications

A
  • hypersensitivity
88
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Precautions

A

Should not be used as the primary agent for treatment. Allergy to atropine.

89
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Adult Dose

A

500 mcg (0.5 mg)

90
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Peds. Dose

A

250 - 500 mcg (0.25 - 0.5 mg) 0-500 mcg per protocol. Some docs don’t give it to kids.

91
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): MOA

A

Bronchodilation via parasympathetic antagonism. Duration: 4-5 hrs.

92
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Side Effects

A
  • blurred vision - eye pain - dry mount ^ All common with anticholinergics - tachycardia - palpitations - HA - aggravated COPD
93
Q

Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide): Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid Route: Nebulizer at 6-8 LPM

94
Q

Epinephrine: Class

A

sympathomimetic (endogenous hormone)

95
Q

Epinephrine: Indications

A
  • anaphylaxis - severe dyspnea from bronchoconstriction (based on protocol)
96
Q

Epinephrine: Contraindications

A

None in life-threatening situation

97
Q

Epinephrine: Precautions

A

Use with caution in pt with: - tachycardia - COPD - pregnancy - HTN - CHF Inactivated by alkaline solutions & sunlight.

98
Q

Epinephrine: Adult Dose

A

> 30 kg: 0.3 - 0.5 mg 1:1000 OR 0.3 mg EPI Pen 1:1000

99
Q

Epinephrine: Peds. Dose

A

< 30 kg: 0.01 mg/kg 1:1000 MAX: 0.5 mg OR Epi-Pen Jr. 0.15 mg 1:2000

100
Q

Epinephrine: Actions

A
  • bronchodilation - vasoconstriction via sympathetic agonism
101
Q

Epinephrine: Interactions

A

May be intensified in pts. taking certain antidepressants.

102
Q

Epinephrine: Side effects

A

Increased HR, RR chest pain pallor HA burning at site dizziness N/V anxiety (In CVD Hx: palpitations, angina, AMI)

103
Q

Epinephrine: Form & Route

A

Form: Liquid Route: IM (or SC)

104
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Class

A
  • NSAID - analgesic - platelet aggregation inhibitor
105
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Indications

A
  • angina - chest pain of suspected cardiac origin - MI
106
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Contra

A
  • hypersensitivity - can’t swallow - unconscious - GI bleed - stomach ulcer - current use of blood thinners - children or adolescents w/suspected viral illness
107
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Precautions

A

Use with caution in pt with: - asthma - seasonal allergies - stomach ulcers - liver disease - alcohol abuse - kidney disease - coagulopathy

108
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Adult Dose

A

160 - 325 mg (2-4 x 81 mg) MAX: 325 mg

109
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Peds. Dose

A

Contact Med Ctrl

110
Q

Aspirin (ASA): MOA

A

Inhibits clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

111
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Side effects

A

N/V GI Irritation & bleeding (with overuse)

112
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Interactions

A

Few in prehospital setting

113
Q

Aspirin (ASA): Form & Route

A

Form: Tablet Route: PO

114
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Class

A
  • nitrate - vasodilator
115
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Indications

A
  • angina, of suspected cardiac origin - AMI (-CHF, -HTN)
116
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Contra

A
  • hypersensitivity - SBP < 90 - Head injury - Sexual enhancement drugs or herbs within 48 hrs
117
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Precautions

A
  • monitor BP closely - deteriorates in light & air
118
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Adult Dose

A

0.4 mg every 5 mins MAX: 3 doses

119
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Peds. Dose

A

Contact Med Ctrl

120
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): MOA

A
  • vasodilation via conversion to nitric oxide (NO) - dilating coronary arteries
121
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Interactions

A

Accentuated by: - alcohol use - ED/Sexual enhancement drugs - Beta blockers

122
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Side Effects

A
  • HA (immediate HA is common) - hypotension - N/V - palpitations - dizziness - flushing - burning under tongue
123
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Form & Route

A

Form: Tablet or liquid Route: Sublingual

124
Q

Activated Charcoal: Class

125
Q

Activated Charcoal: Indications

A

Ingested poisons (best w/in 1-1.5 hrs)

126
Q

Activated Charcoal: Contra

A
  • hypersensitivity - can’t swallow - ALOC / Unconscious Ingestion of: - strong acid or alkali - corrosive - petroleum distillates
127
Q

Activated Charcoal: Precautions

A

Inactivates other oral meds.

128
Q

Activated Charcoal: Adult Dose

A

25 - 50 g (GRAMS) 1 g/kg

129
Q

Activated Charcoal: Peds. Dose

A

12.5 - 25 g 1 g/kg

130
Q

Activated Charcoal: MOA

A

Adsorption (binds to poison)

131
Q

Activated Charcoal: Interactions

132
Q

Activated Charcoal: Side Effects

A
  • N/V - Black and/or tarry stool - Diarrhea
133
Q

Activated Charcoal: Form & Route

A

F: Suspension R: Oral

134
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP): Class

A
  • analgesic - antipyretic (APAP = N-acetyl-para-aminophenol)
135
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP): Indications

A
  • pain - fever
136
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP): Contra

A
  • hypersensitivity
137
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP): Precautions

A
  • hepatotoxic - with w/caution in patients with liver disease
138
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP): Adult Dose

A

650 - 1000 mg q 4-6 hr MAX: 4g in 24 hr (FDA recommends < 3g)

139
Q

APAP: Peds. Dose

A

10 - 15 mg/kg q 4-6 hr MAX: 40 mg/kg/24 hr

140
Q

APAP: MOA

A

-increases pain threshold by blocking prostoglandin synthesis -inhibits pyrogens in CNS

141
Q

APAP: Interactions

A

EtOH leads to toxicity

142
Q

APAP: Side Effects

A

hepatotoxicity in high doses

143
Q

APAP: Form / Route

A

F: tablet or liquid R: PO or PR (per rectal)

144
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Class

A
  • NSAID - analgesic & antipyretic
145
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Indications

A
  • pain - fever
146
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Contraindications

A
  • hypersensitivity
147
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Precautions

A
  • GI irritation at high doses - Increased risk of GI bleed
148
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Adult Dose

A

200 - 400 mg q 6-8 hr MAX: 3200 mg / 24 hr

149
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Peds. Dose

A

5 - 10 mg/kg q 6-8 hr

150
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): MOA

A
  • inhibits inflammatory response (COX-2 inhibitor) (COX-2 being a mediator of inflammatory prostaglandins)
151
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Interactions

A

Do not give with Aspirin or other NSAIDS

152
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Side Effects

A

GI irritation

153
Q

Ibuprofen (IBU): Form / Route

A
  • tablet or liquid - PO or PR

AEMT Pharmacology (4 decks)

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