Medications

Question 1

Aminoglycosides: antibiotics

-Examples: Tobramycin (nebcin), Gentamycin (Garamycin), Amikacin (Amikacin), Streptomycin (generally restricted time TB treatment.)
-Contraindications: Renal disease, hearing impairment, and pregnancy.
-Route: Neomycin- PO, topical
Others PO, IM, IV.
-Teach to report headache or dizziness.
-Drink adequate fluids.

Answer 1

Rapid onset.

• increased risk of ototoxicity with loop diuretics.
• increased risk of nephrotoxicity with furosemide.
• Side effects- Confusion, numbness, nausea/vomiting, depression, and vertigo.
• Advanced Effects- Seizures, ototoxicity, Nephrotoxcity, renal failure, and anaphylaxis.
• Monitor peak and trough levels, Monitor BUN and creatinine levels.
• increased fluids to 1500-2000 mL per day.
• I&O
• Daily weight.

Question 2

Antibacterial/antiprotozoal:

• metronidazole(Flagyl)- impairs DNA fiction of susceptible bacteria. Dual action on bacteria and Protozoa (parasites).
• H-pylori/GI tract disorders, UTI, septicemia, and meningitis.
• contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy, and hepatic disease.
• 2 hour onset, or rapid.
• Avoid alcohol and alcohol containing medications for at least 48 hrs after treatment complete.

Answer 2

• Side effects: Dark/reddish brown urine, nausea/vomiting, metallic or bitter taste, headache, depression, insomnia, dizziness, irritability.
• Adverse Effects: Thrombophlebitis, bone marrow suppression, and neurotoxicity.
• Nursong Interventions: Monitor urine outputs and color changes, assess ECG and euro changes during medication administration, proper hand washing and hygiene after bowel cleansing.

Question 3

Vancomycin- antibiotics

• DOC for MRSA, cellulitis, bone infection, colitis, and meningitis.
• contraindications-hypersensitivity, pregnancy, and renal disease.
• route- PO, IV.(rapid)
• interacts with certain vitamins and herbal products. Avoid use when on Amikacin, gentamicin, or streptomycin.

Answer 3

Side effects- dry mouth, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, headache, hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea/vomiting, flushing, tachycardia.
Adverse effects- bloody urine-nephrotoxicity, loss of hearing- ototoxicity, anaphylaxis.
Nursing intervention- monitor peak and trough levels. Infuse over at least 60 minutes on an infusion pump. Monitor BUN and Creatinine levels. Increased fluids to 1500-2000 mL per day. I&O, daily weight, baseline hearing test recommended.
-teach client to report headache or dizziness.
Drink adequate fluids.
-report bloody urine or dizziness, ringing in the ears or loss or hearing.