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BN4 mental health > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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2
Q

Thioridazine

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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3
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic (tablet, liquid, or depot)

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4
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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5
Q

Thiothixene

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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6
Q

Zuclopenthixol

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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7
Q

Flupentixol decanoate

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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8
Q

Fluphenazine decanoate

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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9
Q

Fluanxol

A

Depot typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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10
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical (newer) anti-psychotic. Significant weight gain, diabetes and lipid abnormalities risks.

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11
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical (newer) anti-psychotic. Also available in depot.

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12
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical (newer) anti-psychotic with low EPS risk. Often used as sedating agent or anxiolytic.

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13
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical (newer) anti-psychotic with low diabetes risk. Must be taken with fat-containing meal/snack.

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14
Q

Aripiprazole

A

“Third generation” anti-psychotic: unique complex action, dopamine system stabilizer.

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15
Q

Clozapine (use and regime)

A

Gold standard atypical, last resort antipsychotic, for treatment resistant schizophrenia. Standard: 300-600mg/day, any more can cause epilepsy, max. is 900mg/day. “Clozapine workup” before commencing treatment. If 2 days are missed during treatment, doses have to be retitrated. Bloods weekly for 18 weeks, then monthly. WBC and ANC (absolute neutrophil count) monitored due to agranulocytosis risk.

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16
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Decreased neutrophil WBCs - develops suddenly, characterised by sore throat, fever, malaise and leukopenia. High risk of cold/flu.

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17
Q

Sulpiride

A

Typical (traditional) anti-psychotic

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18
Q

Paliperidone

A

Depot atypical (newer) anti-psychotic

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19
Q

Clozapine side effects

A

Constipation, sedation, hypersalivation, acid reflux, urinary incontinence, postural hypotension, myocarditis (arrhythmia, ECG abnormalities), tachycardia, paralytic ileus (obstruction in ileum), epilepsy (high doses), agranulocytosis.

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20
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Given oral or IM. Treats EPS. Causes dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision. E.g. Benztropine, procylidine

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21
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic

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22
Q

Procylidine

A

Anticholinergic

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23
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic. Also used for alcohol withdrawals.

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24
Q

Clonazepam

A

Benzodiazepine anxiolytic

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25
Q

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepine anxiolytic

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26
Q

Lorazepam

A

Benzodiazepine, anxiolytic

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27
Q

Temazepam

A

Benzodiazepine anxiolytic

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28
Q

Zopiclone

A

Sedative/sleeping pill (anxiolytic)

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29
Q

Propanolol

A

Beta blocker used to treat symptoms that lead to anxiety i.e. tachycardia

30
Q

Buspirone

A

Potent anxiolytic, takes several weeks to work. No muscle relaxant or sedative effect.

31
Q

Anxiolytic side effects.

A

Sedation, dependance, CNS depression, withdrawal syndrome, respiratory depression - sleep apneoa

32
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabilizer: gold standard for mania. Can be used as prophylaxis, or in conjunction for better antidepressant therapy. Bloods needs to be checked (0.6-1.2mmol/L for adult, 0.5-1.0mmol/L for older persons). Onset of 5-14 days.

33
Q

Sodium valporate

A

Mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant, also used for mania, can be used as prophylactic. Blood levels to be monitored.

34
Q

Carbemazepine

A

Mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant, also used as prophylaxis.

35
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Rarely used mood stabilizer

36
Q

Side effects of lithium

A

Short term: polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain, nausea and vomiting, fine tremor, headache, metallic taste, somnolence, lethargy, acne.
Long term: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, impaired renal function, mild cognitive impairment, memory deficits

37
Q

Adverse effects of sodium valporate

A

GI: nausea, vomiting, GI irritation
CNS (dose related): drowsiness, ataxia
Alopecia
Endocrine and metabolic: pancreatitis, hepatic failure

38
Q

Adverse effects of carbamazepine

A 
(dose related): sedation, dizziness, blurred vision, diplopia, nystagmus.
GI: dry mouth, nausea, diarrhoea, constipation
Sensitivity reactions (rashes) - 3%
39
Q

Asenapine

A

Rarely used mood stabilizer

40
Q

TCAs

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

41
Q

SSRIs

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

42
Q

SNRIs

A

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

43
Q

MAOIs

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, for treatment resistance/atypical depression.

44
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Anti-depressant that does not fit under category (not SSRI, SNRI, TCA or MAOI)

45
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Works with norepinephrine, serotonin and histamine. Blood levels monitored to check dose effectiveness.

46
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants side effects

A

anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, contipation, blured vision, urinary retention)
cardiac arrhythmias and conduction effects
postural drop, sedation

47
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

48
Q

Nortryptyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

49
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

50
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Takes weeks to come into effect. Inhibits reuptake, leaving more serotonin in in the synapse.

51
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI

52
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

53
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI

54
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

55
Q

SSRI side effects

A

Decreased sexual drive, impaired sexual function. With higher does: nausea, diarrhoea, anorexia, and vomiting. Headache, dizziness, anxiety (esp fluoxetine), rash, sedation, vivid dreams, dry mouth (esp paroxetine).

56
Q

SSRI adverse effects

A

Increased suicidal ideation, esp in children and in early treatment.
Serotonin syndrome: from taking SSRI and MAOI at same time

57
Q

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome

A

Agitation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, rigidity, hyperreflexia, and in extreme cases, death.

58
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI

59
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI

60
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

For treatment resistance/atypical depression. Increase serotonin and noradrenaline by inhibiting enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters. Works quicker than other anti-Ds.
The enzyme MAO controls tyramine levels, related to raised BP and headaches. So taking MAOIs will increase BP.

61
Q

Risk for MAOIs

A

Interaction with foods: chianti, liver, marmite, yeast extracts, aged cheese, aged wine. Can cause hypertensive crisis.

62
Q

Side effects of MAOIs

A

blurred vision, dizziness, headache, sexual dysfunction, increased appetite, weight gain, increased sweating

63
Q

Length of treatment for affective disorder / depression

A

Standard: 6-12 months after full recovery to avoid relapse.
Maintenance treatment could be 1-5yrs.
Chronic course of treatment is recommended for 3 or more episode.

64
Q

Medications for dementia

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors: temporarily slows the progress of dementia. Treats behavioural issues of Alzheimers. Not suitable for vascular dementia.

65
Q

Donepezil

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (dementia)

66
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (dementia)

67
Q

Galantamine

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (dementia)

68
Q

Memantine

A

Cognitive enhancer: protects NMDA receptors form high levels of glutamate.

69
Q

Naltrexone

A

Used for treating opioid dependence

70
Q

Buproprion

A

Used for treating nicotine dependence

BN4 mental health (2 decks)

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