Medications

Question 1

Pitocin/oxytocin

Answer 1

action: stimulates uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and controls postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage
route: IV, IM

dosage:
IV: 20-60 units diluted in 500 ml to 1000ml

IM: 10 units after placenta delivery

side effects (2): 
hyperstimulation, uterine rupture, abruptio placenta

Question 2

Hemabate

Answer 2

action: prostaglandin to control bleeding after birth. stimulates smooth muscle and uterine contractions
route: IM
dosage: 250 mcg (max total 2 mg)

side effects (2): 
Headache, N&V, diarrhea

Question 3

cytotec

Answer 3

action: induction of labor, PP hemorrhage, gastric protectant
route: oral, vaginal, rectal

dosage:
1/4 of 25mg vaginally for labor
800-1000mcg rectally for PP hemorrhage

side effects (2): 
cramping, uterine hyper stimulation

Question 4

methergine

Answer 4

action: stimulates uterine contractions to control bleeding after birth
route: PO, IM
dosage: .2 mg PO, .25 mg IM

side effects (2): 
increases blood pressure

Question 5

sodium citrate

Answer 5

action: pre-op to neutralize stomach contents prior to OR
route: PO
dosage: 10-30 mL PO, 4 doses max

side effects (2): 
diarrhea, N/A, water retention

Question 6

ampicillin

Answer 6

action: treatment for positive Group B Strep (GBS)
route: IV

dosage: 2 g initial
dose, then 1-2 g Q4 until birth

side effects (2): 
GI disturbance, allergy, rash

Question 7

ancef

Answer 7

action: prevent infection for C section
route: IV
dosage: 1 to 2 g 1/2 hr before surgery

side effects (2): 
genital itching, white patches in mouth, loss of appetite, heartburn, gas, N/V, headache

Question 8

vitamin K

Answer 8

action: prevention of hemorrhagic disease of newborn
route: IM
dosage: .5-1 mg

side effects (2): transfer to milk is low

Question 9

betamethasone

Answer 9

action: fetal lung maturation for mothers 24-32 weeks
route: IM
dosage: 12 mg q 24 hr x 2

side effects (2): 
sodium and fluid retention, high BP, edema, diaphoresis

Question 10

magnesium sulfate

Answer 10

action: in preeclampsia conditions it relaxes the uterus to stop uterine contractions in preterm labor
route: IV

dosage: 1-3 g per hour
MAX: 40g/24 hr

side effects (2): 
cardiovascular collapse, respiratory paralysis, hypothermia, depressed cardiac function, pulmonary edema, fetal harm

Question 11

calcium gluconate

Answer 11

action: antidote to magnesium
route: IV push
dosage: 1-2 g IV

side effects (2): N/V, decrease appetite, constipation, dry mouth

Question 12

terbutaline

Answer 12

action: relaxes uterus in pre-term labor or with tetanic uterine contractions during induction or for fetal distress
route: IV, PO

dosage:
.25 mg IV,
2.5-5mg q 4-6 hr PO

side effects (2): 
tachycardia in mother and baby, uncomfortable

Question 13

duramorph/morphine

Answer 13

action: pain relief for extended periods without attendant loss of motor, sensory or sympathetic function
route: SC, IV, IM, epidural
dosage: 5-20 mg q 4

side effects (2): 
sedation, constipation

Question 14

naloxone (narcan)

Answer 14

action: opioid overdose
route: SC, IM
dosage: .4 mg SC/ IM q2-3 min

side effects (2): 
tachycardia, hypotension, N/V, tremor, withdrawal, diaphoresis, edema, dyspnea

Question 15

fentanyl

Answer 15

action: labor pain
route: IV
dosage: 100 mcg

side effects (2): 
apnea, respiratory depression, muscle rigidity, hypotension, bradycardia

Question 16

ketoralac (toradol)

Answer 16

action: postpartum pain
route: PO, IM, IV
dosage: MAX 120 mg/day

side effects (2): 
headache, N, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, constipation, edema, rash

Question 17

nitrous oxide

Answer 17

action: labor pain
route: face mask
dosage: 50% O2 and 50% N2O

side effects (2): nausea and vertigo, euphoria

Question 18

nubain

Answer 18

action: labor pain
route: IM/IV
dosage: MAX: 20 mg

side effects (2): 
hypotension, sedation, withdrawal syndrome, respiratory depression in mom and baby

Question 19

stadol

Answer 19

action: labor pain
route: IM IV

dosage:
2-4mg q 4 IM
.5 mg q4 IV

side effects (2): 
sedation, respiratory depression

Question 20

percocet

Answer 20

action: painkiller
route: PO
dosage: dependent on hydrocodone or acetaminophen

side effects (2): 
CNS depression, GI disturbance, constipation

Question 21

rhogam

Answer 21

action: prevent rh incompatibility to rh- mothers with a rh+ baby
route: IM

dosage:
300mcg IM at 28 weeks
300mcg within 72 hrs of delivery

side effects (2): 
temperature elevated, injection site reaction

Question 22

erythromycin eye ointment

Answer 22

action: prevent blindness in infants that may have come in contact with gonorrhea or chlamydia
route: eyes
dosage: 0.5% ribbon on each eye

side effects (2): 
blurs vision

Question 23

lidocaine

Answer 23

action: local anesthesia
route: subdermal
dosage: 0.5%-3.1%

side effects (2):