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Nursing > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Curative

A

Cures a disease or condition

Example penicillin for infection

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2
Q

Supportive

A

Supports body function until other treatments or the body’s response can take over.

Example blood pressure meds, aspirin for fever

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3
Q

Substitutive

A

Replaces body fluids or substances

Examples. Thyroxine for hypothyroidism and insulin for diabetes.

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4
Q

Chemotherapeutic

A

Destroys malignant cells

Example busily an for leukemia

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5
Q

Restorative

A

Returns the body to health

Example vitamin and mineral supplements

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6
Q

Palliative

A

Relieves the symptoms of a disease but does not affect the disease itself

Example morphine sulfate and aspirin

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7
Q

Drug tolerance

A

Exists in a person Who exhibits an unusually low physiological response to a drug who requires increase in the dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect

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8
Q

Cumulative effect

A

The increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

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9
Q

Idiosyncratic affect

A

One that is unexpected and maybe individual to a client. It has the opposite effect

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10
Q

Potentiating effect

A

The effect of one or both drugs may be increased. Increase action of each other the same class

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11
Q

Inhibiting effect

A

The fact of one or both drugs may decrease. Giving drug B to stop effects of drug A

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12
Q

Synergistic effect

A

Occurs when two different drugs increase the action of one or another drug. different classes work together

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13
Q

Iatrogenic disease

A

Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy can be a result of drug therapy

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14
Q

Drug habituation

A

Denotes a mild form of psychological dependence

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15
Q

Onset of action

A

The time after administration when the body initially respond to the drug

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16
Q

Drug half-life

A

The time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration

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17
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The mechanism of drug action and the relationships between drug concentration and responses in the body

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18
Q

Receptor

A

The drugs specific target usually a protein located on the surface of a cell membrane or within the cell

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19
Q

Agonist

A

When a drug produces the same type of response as the physiological or endogenous substance. Stimulates, makes action happen

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20
Q

Physiological dependence

A

Due to biochemical changes in body tissues, especially the nervous system

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21
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that inhibits cell function by occupying receptor sites. Blocks or stops the response.

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22
Q

Effectiveness and potency

A

How it is acting at a cellular level

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23
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which a drug passes into the blood stream. The rate of absorption of a drug in the stomach is variable

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24
Q

Biotransformation

Also detoxification or metabolism

A

Is a process by which a drug is converted to a less active form

Most of the time it takes place in the liver

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25
Q

Metabolites

A

The products of biotransformation

Active and inactive

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26
Q

Excretion

A

The process by which metabolites and drugs are eliminated by the body.

It is eliminated by the kidneys, some feces, the breath, perspiration, saliva and breast milk

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27
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

A branch of pharmacology that examines the role of genetics in response to drugs

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28
Q

Ethnopharmacology

A

The study of the effect of racial and ethnic differences/responses to prescribed medication

29
Q

Time of administration

A

The time of administration of oral meds affects the relative speed with which they act.

Some are Absorbed more quickly on an empty stomach while others are absorbed more rapidly with food

30
Q

Parental

A

By needle

31
Q

Single order

A

A one time order for medication to be given once at a specified time

32
Q

Standing order

A

May be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel or to be carried out for a specified number of days

33
Q

Parts of a drug order

7

A 
Full name of client
Date and time the order is written 
Name of the drug to be administered 
Dosage of drug
Frequency of administration 
Route of administration 
Signature of the person writing order
34
Q

Parts of a prescription

9

A

Client info name address and sometimes age
Date on which the prescription was written
Medication name dosage and strength
Route of administration
Dispensing instructions for pharmacist
Directions for administration for a client
Refill labeling
Prescribers signature
The RX symbol

35
Q

Medication reconciliation

A

The process of creating the most accurate list possible if all medications a patient is taking and comparing it against the physicians admission, transfer, and/or discharge orders

36
Q

Five rights of med administration

A 
Right patient 
Right drug
Right time
Right dose
Right route
37
Q

Psychological changes associated with aging the influence of medication administration and effectiveness

A

Altered memory
Decreased visual acuity
Decrease in renal functioning
Less complete and slower absorption from the GI tract
Increased proportion of fat to lean body mass
Which facilitates retention of fat soluble drugs and increases the potential for toxicity

38
Q

Administering medications by nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

A

Check with the pharmacist to see if the med comes in a liquid form
Crush a tab if possible and combine it with 30 ml warm sterile water ( at least 10 ml depending on how many pills)
Do not give whole or undissolved pills it can clog tube
Access tube placement prior to giving meds
Aspirate stomach content
Remove plunged from syringe and connect to a pinched or kinked tube
Put 15-30ml sterile water to flush
Pour meds into syringe barrel and let flow by gravity
Flush with tap water in between meds
When done flush with 15-30ml warm water
Disconnect suction and keep tube clamped for 20-30 minutes after giving meds

39
Q

SC injections

A 
0.5 -1 ml 
1-2ml syringe or units for insulin 
Generally #25 gauge 5/8 inch
45 degrees when 1 in can be pinched 
And 90 degrees when 2 in can be pinched
40
Q

Injection sites need to be rotated to

A

Minimize tissue damage, aid in absorption, and avoid discomfort

41
Q

IM injections

A 
Are absorbed more quickly than subcutaneous injections because of the greater blood supply to the body muscles. 
Can use up to 3 mL of meds 
Deltoid-0.5-1ml
3-5 ml syringe
1 1/2 in and #21 or #22 gauge needle
42
Q

Factors that indicate the size and length of needles abused

A

The muscle
The type of solution
The amount of adipose tissue covering the muscle
The age of the client

43
Q

Ventral gluteal site

A

The preferred site for intramuscular injections
Because it contains no large nerves or blood vessels
and is sealed off by bone
Provides the greatest thickness of gluteal muscle and it’s free of penetrating nerves

44
Q

Vastus Lateralis site

A

Is usually sick and well-developed and both adults and children it is recommended as a site of choice for IM injections for infants and young children because it is the largest muscle

45
Q

Rectus femoris site

A

Clients to administer their own injections can reach this site easily

46
Q

Deltoid site

A

Recommended site for hepatitis B vaccine flu and TDP

Not often used for I am injections because it is very close to the radial nerve and radial artery

47
Q

Z track

A

Less painful technique and it decreases leakage of irritating medications into the subcutaneous tissue
Good for a thick medication
Traps medicine and muscle layer
Good for iron testosterone depro vera

48
Q

Intravenous medications

A

Are appropriate when a rapid effect is required or when medications are too irritating to tissue
Used and a large volume infusion. of intravenous fluid and intermittent intravenous infusion (piggyback or tandem)

49
Q

Large volume infusions

A

Mixing a medication into a large IV container is the safest and easiest way to administer a drug intravenously
Fluid such as IV normal saline or ringers lactate are frequently used
The main danger of infusing a large volume of fluid is circulatory overload or Hypervolemia

50
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Circulatory overload with a large volume of fluid

51
Q

Tandem

A

Ran concurrent

52
Q

Piggyback

A

Secondary bag
Used for intermittent or simultaneous med administration with primary solution
Hang small bag higher

53
Q

Intravenous push (IVP) or bolus

A

It is used when a medication cannot be diluted or in an emergency

54
Q

Disadvantages to IVP

A

An error and administration cannot be corrected after the drug has entered the client

The drug may be irritating to the blood vessels

Never administer a med IVP in a line that is infusing blood or blood products

55
Q

SASH flushing procedure

A

Saline -administer drug-saline- heparin

56
Q

Percutaneous

A

The route of absorption through the skin

57
Q

Nasal medication

A

Usually used for their astringent effect to shrink swollen mucous membranes

58
Q

Administering nasal spray

A

Client blow their nose
Seated position with head tilted back
Tip of the container just inside the nares
Inhale gently as the spray enters the nasal passage

59
Q

Rectal medications

A

Insertion of medications into the rectum in the form of suppositories is a frequent practice rectal administration is it convenient and safe method of giving medications

60
Q

Advantages of a rectal medications

A

Avoids irritation of the upper GI
Better when med has objectionable taste or odor
Drug is released slowly and steady
Rectal suppositories are thought to provide higher bloodstream levels of medication

61
Q

Inserting a rectal suppository

A

Assist client to left lateral or left Sam’s position with upper leg flexed
Lubricate the small round and lubricate the glove index finger
Encourage the client to relax my breathing through the
Insert the suppository gently and the anal canal along the rectal wall
Avoid embedding the suppository in feces
Plus the clients Buttocks together for a few minutes
Asked the client to remain in the position for at least five minutes

62
Q

Using a metered dose inhaler

A

Remove the mouthpiece cap
Shake vigorously for 3 to 5 seconds
Exhale comfortably as in a normal breath
Press down once on the MDI canister and inhale slowly for 3 to 5 seconds and deeply through the mouth
Hold your breath for 10 seconds or as long as possible
Rinse mouth with tap water to remove any medication
Clean the mouthpiece after each use

63
Q

Never give IVP meds with

A

Blood infusing
Total parental nutrition (TPN)
Vasoactive drugs infusion

64
Q

IV bags are good for

A

24 hours

65
Q

IV tubing and sites are good for

A

72 hours and then change

66
Q

Outside line starts are only good for

A

24 hours

67
Q

Extravasation

A

Leaking, pain, coolness, or swelling.
The IV is no longer in the vein or leaking

With drugs. Sloughing off of skin

68
Q

Phlebitis

A

Vein inflammation-Monitor for erythema, hardness, swelling, pain.
IV take out and warm compress

69
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How medicine travels through the body- absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

Nursing (9 decks)

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