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Nursing > Fluids And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids And Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

Found outside the cells and accounts for 1/3 of the total body fluid

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2
Q

Intravascular fluid or plasma

A

Accounts for approximately 20% of ECF and is found in the vascular system

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3
Q

Other components of ECF

A

The lymph and transcellular fluids

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4
Q

Transcellular fluids are

A

Cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids

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5
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Accounts for 75% of the ECF and surrounds the cells

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6
Q

Intercellular fluid contains

A

Oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose

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7
Q

EFC is the transport system that Carries….

A

Oxygen and nutrients to and waste products from body cells

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8
Q

Interstitial fluid transport…

A

Wastes from cells by the way of the lymph system as well as directly into the blood plasma through capillaries

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9
Q

Water is vital to health and normal cellular function serving as

A

A medium for metabolic reactions in cells

A transport for nutrients waste products and other substances

A lubricant
And insulator and shock absorber

A means of regulating a maintaining body temperature

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10
Q

Electrolytes

A

Sodium chloride breaks up into one ion of sodium Na+ and one ion of chloride CL- these charges particles are called electrolytes

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11
Q

Cations

A

Have a positive charge

Eg- sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

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12
Q

Anions

A

Have a negative charge

Eg- chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate

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13
Q

The principal electrolytes in ECF

A

Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

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14
Q

Primary cations and anions of ICF

A

Cations: potassium and magnesium

Anions: phosphate and sulfate

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15
Q

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

Found within the cells of the body. Constitutes 2/3 of the total body fluid in adults

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16
Q

Solutes

A

Substances dissolved in liquid

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17
Q

Crystalloids

A

Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions

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18
Q

Colloids

A

Substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions

19
Q

Solvent

A

The component of a solution that can dissolve solute

20
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Has the same osmolality as ECF

Normal saline 0.9% sodium chloride

21
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Has a higher osmolality than ECF

Eg- 3%.sodium chloride

22
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

Has a lower osmolality than ECF

Eg- 0.45% sodium chloride

23
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The power of a solution to pull water across a semipermeable membrane

24
Q

Explain osmotic pressure

A

Infusing a hypertonic solution such as 3% sodium chloride will pull fluid out of red blood cells and into plasma causing the cells to shrink.

A hypotonic solution will cause the RBC to swell as water is pulled into the cells by their higher osmotic pressure

25
Q

Movement of body fluids

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Active transport

26
Q

Sodium

A

135-145 mEq

Contributes to serum osmolality

27
Q

Chloride

A

95-108 mEq

Contributed to serum osmolality

28
Q

Calcium

A 
8.5-10.5 mg/dl
Neuromuscular function ( including cardiac)
29
Q

Bicarbonate

A

22-26 mmol/L

Acid base balance

30
Q

Phosphate

A

2.5-4.5 mEq/L

Metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates

31
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5.0mEq

Muscle activity

32
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq

Regulate muscle

33
Q

Most common electrolyte imbalances

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

34
Q

Sodium imbalances

A

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

35
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Deficiency of sodium in relation to water

Loss of sodium

Gain of water

SIADH

36
Q

Hyponatremia clinical manifestation

A

Serum sodium

37
Q

Hyponatremia nursing interventions

A 
Monitor I&O
Daily weight 
Lung sounds 
Skin turbot
Monitor neuro status
Seizure precautions 
Mild restrict fluid
38
Q

hypernatremia

A

Excess of sodium relative relative to body water

Causes loss of water

39
Q

Hypernatremia clinical manifestation

A 
Serum sodium >145mEq/L
Restlessness, fatigue 
Decreased LOC
Weakness
Convulsions 
Disorientated 
Dry and sticky membranes
40
Q

Hypernatremia nursing interventions

A 
Assess, replenish, restore 
Monitor vital signs 
Monitor neuro status 
Assess skin and mucus membranes 
Encourage oral intake
41
Q

Potassium imbalances

A

Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia

42
Q

Potassium functions

A

Maintain intracellular osmolality

Transmit nerve impulses

Regulate cardiac impulse transmission and muscle contraction

Skeletal and smooth muscle function

Regulate acid balance

43
Q

Hypokalemia clinical manifestation

A 
Skeletal muscle weakness 
Cardiac dysrhythmias 
Leg cramps
Weak pulse, orthostatic hypotension
Decreased bowel sounds
44
Q

Hypokalemia treatment and nursing interventions

A

Treatment- treat underlying cause
Potassium supplements

Nursing interventions- asses heart rate and rhythm
PO potassium
IV potassium

Nursing (9 decks)

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