Medications

Question 1

What is percutaneous medications?

Answer 1

Medications or treatments that are applied to or delivered through the skin (such as transdermal patches or ointments).

Question 2

Intradermal injections are often used for :

Answer 2

Allergy testing
Tuberculosis screening

Question 3

Subcutaneous injections are often used for :

Answer 3

Vaccines
Insulin
Heparin

Question 4

What are the factors that may affect the choice of vein & catheter/cannula size?

Answer 4

• how long the client is likely to have the IV
• what kinds of fluids will be infused
• what medications the client is receiving or is likely to receive

Question 5

What gauge size & needle length are used for subcutaneous injections?

Answer 5

Gauge from 25-31
Length from 1/2 - 5/8 inches

Question 6

What gauge size & needle length are used for intramuscular injections?

Answer 6

23-25 gauge
1/2 inch for babies
1 - 1 1/2 inch for adults

Question 7

How do you landmark the ventrogluteal site for IM injection?

Answer 7

• the palm of the hand should be placed on the greater trochanter of femur
• the index finger should be aligned with the anterior superior iliac spine
• landmark between iliac crest (middle finger) and index finger
• inject between fingers

Question 8

What IM site is most common for infants & what site is most common for adults?

Answer 8

Infants = vastus lateralis
Adults = deltoid

Question 9

Where is the landmark of the rectus femoris site for IM injections?

Answer 9

Between the patella & anterior superior iliac spine

Question 10

How do you landmark the deltoid?

Answer 10

Locate the clavicle & move along it to the acromion process, the deltoid is right beneath it & above the humerus

Question 11

What is another method, not quadrants, for land marking the dorsogluteal site?

Answer 11

following the sciatic nerve

Question 12

How much medication can u administer max for each injection site?

Answer 12

ID : 0.5 mL
SC : 2 mL
IM : 5 mL (except for deltoid, 2 mL)
IV : open venous

Question 13

What are the cannula sizes with their color?

Answer 13

24 - yellow
22 - blue
20 - pink
18 - green
16 - gray
14 - orange/red

Question 14

Name the veins of the forearm for cannula insertion

Answer 14

1. cephalic vein
2. median cubital vein
3. accessory cephalic vein
4. basilic vein
5. median antebrachial vein

Question 15

Name the veins of the hand for cannula insertion

Answer 15

1. digital dorsal vein
2. dorsal metacarpal vein
3. dorsal venous network
4. cephalic vein
5. basilic vein

Question 16

Infection symptoms

Answer 16

pain
warmth
edema
induration
malodorous drainage
fever
chills
malaise
elevated WBC

Question 17

Phlebitis symptoms

Answer 17

• cannula too large for vein or improperly secured
  erythema
  edema
  warmth
  pain
  vein indurated
  red streak

Question 18

Infiltration symptoms

Answer 18

• iv fluid or medication leaks out into surrounding tissues
  swelling
  damp site
  cold to touch
  Pain
  slow rate of infusion

Question 19

Extravasation symptoms

Answer 19

• form of infiltration but where tissues get seriously damaged
  pain
  edema
  burning
  erythema
  blisters
  necrotic tissue
  slough
  eschar

Question 20

Hematoma symptoms

Answer 20

• when IV angiocatheter passes through more than one wall of vein or when pressure is not applied to IV site when catheter is removed
  swelling
  pain
  ecchymosis

Question 21

Air embolism symptoms

Answer 21

• when air enters venous system from iv catheter & circulates, which can be fatal
  hypotension
  tachycardia
  difficulty breathing
  cyanosis