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Fundamentals Of Nursing > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Medication?

A

It is a substance that you administer for :
- Diagnosis
- Cure
- Treatment
- Relief of symptoms
- Prevention of disease

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2
Q

What are drugs?

A

They can be medication or illicitly obtained substances

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3
Q

What is a prescription?

A

It is a written direction & orders for the preparation & administration of a drug

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4
Q

What are the names used for Medications?

A
  1. Generic name
  2. Trade/brand name
  3. Official name
  4. Chemical name
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5
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

It is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms

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6
Q

What is the role of a pharmacy & pharmacist?

A

The preparation, making & dispensing of drugs as ordered

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7
Q

What are the legal aspects of administering medications as a nurse?

A
  1. Recognising the limits of your own knowledge & skill as a nurse
  2. Taking responsibility for your actions
  3. Questioning any orders that seem unreasonable
  4. Refusing to give any medication until the order is clarified
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8
Q

How are controlled substances (DDA) dealt with in health care agencies?

A
  • They are kept under a lock at all times
  • They have special inventory forms
  • Any action involving these substances is documented
  • They have specific procedures for discarding
  • End-of-shift counts are done to these controlled substances to ensure that nothing is out of place or missing
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9
Q

What are the different effects of drugs?

A
  1. therapeutic effect (reason for prescription)
  2. side effect (secondary, unintended, predictable, may or may not be harmful)
  3. Adverse effect (severe & justifies discontinuation)
  4. Drug toxicity (overdose, wrong route, buildup in blood)
  5. Drug allergy (immunologic, anaphylactic)
  6. Drug interaction (a drug altering the effect of another)
  7. Potentiating effect (effect of one or both drugs is increased, usually taken together)
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10
Q

What are the two types of potentiating effects?

A

Additive - two of the same types of drugs that increase the action of each other, creating a stronger effect than either could achieve alone
Synergistic - two different drugs increase action of one another

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10
Q

What is the misuse of drugs?

A

It is the improper use of common medications

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11
Q

What are the types of drug misuse?

A

Drug abuse : intentional & harmful use for nonmedical purposes
Drug Dependence : physiological & psychological
Drug habituation : little to no withdrawal symptoms, taken as a routine
Illicit drugs : Illegal drugs

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12
Q

What are the routes of medication administration?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Sublingual
  3. Buccal
  4. Rectal
  5. Vaginal
  6. Topical
  7. Inhalation
  8. Parenteral
    - subcutaneous
    - intramuscular
    - intradermal
    - intravenous
    - intrathecal/intraspinal
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13
Q

What are the different types of medication orders?

A
  1. Verbal
  2. Telephone
  3. Abbreviations, acronyms, symbols
  4. stat order
  5. single order
  6. standing order
  7. PRN order
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14
Q

What are the essential parts of a drug order, where if one is missing, the drug shouldn’t be administered?

A
  1. full client name
  2. date & time
  3. name of drug
  4. dosage
  5. frequency
  6. route
  7. signature of person writing order
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15
Q

What are the parts that make up a prescription order?

A
  1. Descriptive information about client
  2. date
  3. Rx symbol which means take thou
  4. medication name, dosage & strength
  5. route
  6. dispensing instructions for pharmacist
  7. Directions for administration to client
  8. refill & special labeling
  9. prescribers signature
16
Q

What are the ways to communicate medication orders?

A
  1. writing on chart
  2. providing by phone
  3. providing verbally
  4. copying onto kardex
  5. copying on a computer printout
17
Q

What are the steps that you must take as a nurse when an order seems inappropriate?

A
  1. contact primary care provider
  2. Document
    when PCP called,
    what was communicated
    & how PCP responded
  3. Document attempts to reach PCP
  4. Document reason for withholding administration of drug
  5. If the medication is given, document clients condition before & after dosage
  6. if any incident takes place, document factual information on incident report
18
Q

What are the things that we must take into account when calculating for individualized drug dosage?

A
  • whether client is receiving chemotherapy
  • whether client is critically ill
  • body weight
  • body surface area
19
Q

How do we ensure the administration of medications safely?

A
  1. assess client’s health status always
  2. take client’s medication history (OTC drugs, supplements, allergies, normal eating habits)
  3. include client’s illness or current condition & intended drug & route for confirmation
  4. Assess client’s ability to self administer
  5. assess the client’s socioeconomic factors
  6. Medication reconciliation
20
Q

How is medication reconciliation done?

A
  • taking the most accurate list possible of all drugs taken by client compared to the primary care provider’s orders to provide continuity of care
  • Inadequate communication during transitions accounts for 50% of med errors & 20% of adverse drug events, so proper communication is a must.
  • The completed list (final) must be provided to the client & the next health care provider
21
Q

What are the steps taken in the process of administering medication as a nurse?

A
  1. Identify client
  2. inform client on medication & method of administration
  3. administer drug as ordered
  4. provide adjunctive interventions as indicated
  5. record the drug administered
  6. evaluate the client’s response to the drug
22
Q

What are the ‘10 Rights’ of medication administration?

A
  1. Right medication
  2. Right dose
  3. Right time
  4. Right route
  5. Right client
  6. Right client education
  7. Right documentation
  8. Right to refuse
  9. Right assessment
  10. Right evaluation
23
Q

What are the considerations done when administering medication to an Infant?

A
  • they are most often provided with medications in a sweetened liquid form
  • DO NOT mix into milk or orange juice
24
Q

What do we consider when administering medication to children?

A
  • importance of honesty about injections hurting
25
Q

What are the considerations made when administering medication to older adults?

A
  • Altered memory
  • decreased visual acuity
  • decreased renal function
  • less complete & slower absorption from gastrointestinal tract
  • Decreased manual dexterity
  • Increased proportion of fat to lean body mass
  • Decreased liver function
  • Decreased organ sensitivity
  • altered quality of organ responsiveness
26
Q

What is NPO?

A

Not by mouth/oral

27
Q

What is the most common & preferred route for medication?

A

Oral

28
Q

What are the steps taken in the process of administering medications through a nasogastric/gastrostomy tube?

A
  1. Check with the pharmacist for a liquid form of the medication
  2. check to see if the medication can be crushed
  3. crush the tablet into fine powder & dissolve it in atleast 30mL of warm water
  4. Open capsules & mix contents with water ONLY if pharmacist says it is safe
  5. DO NOT administer whole or undissolved medications
  6. assess the tube placement through aspiration
  7. Aspirate stomach contents & measure residual volume
  8. Check agency policy if residual volume is more than 100mL (slow digestion)
  9. Remove plunger from syringe
  10. connect syringe to pinched or kinked tube
  11. put 15-30 mL of water into syringe barrel to flush tube. 5-10mL for children
  12. pour liquid or dissolved medication into syringe barrel & allow it to flow by gravity into the enteral tube
  13. administer each medication separately & flush with 15-30mL of tap water between each medication

Fundamentals Of Nursing (5 decks)

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