Medications Flashcards
PropylThioUracil (PTU)
(Antithyroid Agent)
*TX: hyperthyroidism
REPORT S/E: darkening of the urine or SX of Jaundice = possible liver toxicity or failure
REPORT S/E: fever or sore throat r/t THYROID STORM
KEY: “Put the Thyroid Underground”
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
—Antithyroid Agent
Check LIVER fxn
TX: Hyperthyroidism
Methimazole
(Antithyroid)
–Prevents production of thyroid hormones
–AVOID crowds and people who are ill r/t reduces the immune response/ ^ RISK of infection
TEACH: s/sx of infection
CONTRAINDICATED: pregnancy r/t birth defects; women must wear gloves if handling
Methimazole
(Antithyroid/ Immune Suppressant)
RISK Birth Defects (women) & Infection
Propranolol
(Beta-adrenergic blocker)
ACTION: blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
TX: HTN, Angina, Hyperthyroidism
–Lowers HR/ BP, and relax blood vessels
REPORT S/X: dizziness
Propranolol
(Antihypertensive/ Antianginal)
“-olol” = Beta blocker
What kind of meds end in
“-olol”?
BETA BLOCKERS/ Antihypertensive
PATHO: Relaxes blood vessels and slows HR to improve blood flow and decrease BP.
TX: prevent angina, migraine headaches, and ^ survival after a heart attack
Iodine (inorganic)
(Antithyroid)
-Prevents T3 and T4 production and decreases thyroid vascularity to make it safe for a patient to undergo surgery
TX: hyper/hypothyroidism & Goiter
–>Potassium iodide (SSKI) is also used
Iodine (inorganic)
hypo/hyperthyroidism Pre-OR med
Potassium Iodide (SSKI)
**Metallic Taste= Iodism (to much iodine)= REPORT
PREDNISONE
(Corticosteroid/ Immune Suppressant)
ACTION: Decreases inflammation, lowers immune system, &replaces Cortisol
RISK: ^BG (Hyperglycemia), ^Wt., ^BP, nausea, LOW K lvls (Take supplement)
TX: Addison’s DZ, Asthma, allergic reactions, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and adrenal/blood/bone marrow conditions
Prednisone
(Corticosteroid/ Immune Suppressant)
TX: Addison’s DZ
* ^BG, ^BP, Lowers inflammation and overactive immune system, ^ cortisol*
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
TX: HypoThyroidism
TEACH: take AM qday b4 breakfast, on EMPTY STOMACH; takes 3-4 weeks to work.
–>AVOID: Ca suppl. > 4 hr after admin to ^ absorption & No to ^Iodine and CA in diet
–Dose is adjusted as needed to return TH lvl to normal ranges.
–1st dose low to prevent tachycardia and hypertension.
REPORTS/SX: hyperthyroidism/thyroid storm immediately
–routine lab work needed for TSH lvl
–TEACH: pt. consult HCP before taking new meds=can ^ or decrease the absorption
–Medication must be taken for life (abruptly stopping med can cause MYXEDEMA COMA).
Levothyroxine
(Synthroid)
TX: Hypothyroidism
*Few Side Effects
Clopidogrel
(Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor) BLOOD THINNER
ASSESS: Liver Fxn
TX: Stroke; MI; Vascular Death
ADVERSE S/E: Steven-Johnsons; Cranial hemorrhage, Bronchospasms
Avoid: taking w/ PPIs
Clopidogrel
(Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor)
Blood Thinner = RISK Bleeding
Check: LIVER FXN
Metformin/ Glucophage
TEACH: wear an ID bracelet and Glucagon emergency kit; Take w/ food; NO alcohol or OTC meds
S/E: Lactic acidosis; Hypoglycemia (REPORT S/E metallic taste)
ASSESS: Renal fxn
HOLD: pt. scheduled for radiologic contrast=renal failure
Metformin/Glucophage
(Oral Antidiabetic) Type 2
**peak 2-3 hr (immediate rls);
7 hr (ext rls)*
Renal FXN r/t failure w/ barium contrast
Lantus
Don’t Mix w/ Others; Clear
–ONSET 1.5hr; NO PEAK; Duration >24hr; inject SubQ 1qdaily
TEACH: wear ID bracelet; carry candy in case LOW BG occurs
Lantus
(Insulin Glargine)
Long-Acting Insulin
Lorazepam
TX: Sedation Maintenance, Alcohol W/drawal, insomnia, anxiety, irritability
RISK: Don’t Combined w/ other CNS depressants; Abrupt discontinuation, Sub. abuse
TEACH: Take w/ Food to avoid upset GI; Water for Dry mouth; AVOID: OTC cold meds/ Alcohol/ Opiates
ADVERSE S/E: Ortho. Hypo., ECG changes, Tacky, Apnea
LABS: Renal & Hepatic Fxn
Lorazepam
(Benzodiazepine/ Antianxiety/ Hypnotic/ Sedative)
Short-Acting
-> Monitor Renal and Hepatic fxn
Lisinopril
TX: HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic Retinopathy, Proteinuria
ADVERSE S/E: Angioedema, Renal Failure, Hepatic necrosis/ failure, pancreatitis, agranulocytosis, Proteinuria
HOLD: hyperkalemia, renal dz; LITHIUM TOXICITY ; neutrophil count is >1000
–>Severe hypotension may occur after 1st dose; may be prevented by reducing or d/c diuretic (ace inhibitor commonly prescribed w/ diuretic) therapy 3 days b4 beginning lisinopril therapy
MONITOR: K lvls=Need LOW K diet; Blood LAB (Neutrophils), K, NA, CL
REPORT S/E: Dry Cough=taper off med
Lisinopril
(Antihypertensive, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE) inhibitor)
1st dose pos. severe Hypotension prevent by d/c diuretic if prescribed
MONITOR: K lvl
ASSESS: dry cough
Omeprazole
ACTION: Suppresses gastric secretions
TX: Prevent Stress Ulcers, GERD, & active duodenal ulcers w/without H. pylori
ADVERSE S/E: Renal Failure, C-Diff, pneumonia, upper resp. infection, N/V
REPORT: Bloody Stool, Black Tarry Stools (Melena), ABD cramps/ pain
TEACH: Take b4 eating in AM; Avoid NSAIDs, Alcohol, Salicylates, OTC, Herbal sup; sx of hypoglycemia (for DM pt.)
LABS: NA & MG, vit B12
Omeprazole
(Benzimidazole, PPI)
Asses: RENAL Fxn & Labs (Na, Mg, B12)
Methylprednisolone
(Anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressive agent/ Steroid)
TX: Addisonian Crisis to ^ Cortisol
RISK: Stomach bleeding=AVOID alcohol, Antiplatelet Meds & take w/ food
ADVERSE: Headaches, Sleep disturbances, wt. Gain,
Methylprednisolone
(Anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressive agent/ Steroid)
TX: Addisonian Crisis
Famotidine
(Antiulcer/ H2 Blocker)
ACTION: Inhibits histamine=decreasing gastric secretion while pepsin remains at a stable level
TX: Duodenal Ulcer, GERD
ASSESS: Renal and Hepatic FXN
ADVERSE S/E: Seizures in Renal DZ, Dysrhythmias, QT prolong (Renal impairment), Constipation, Stevens-Johnsons; Blood in vomit, urine, or stool
TEACH: Avoid irritating foods, alcohol, NSAIDs, smoking; Lower Libido; ^ fiber and liquids in diet
Famotidine
(Antiulcer Agent/ H2 Blocker)
Check: RENAL fxn
Long term use=RISK of B12 malabsorption
Metoprolol
(Beta Blocker/ Antihypertensive/ Antianginal)
TEACH: Don’t abruptly Stop
S/E: Brady, HypoTN, Palpations, Agranulocytosis, Cardiac Arrest, N/V, Diarrhea, hiccups
HOLD: <50bpm
Get a 2nd RN to check dose to prevent death
Metoprolol
(Beta Blacker/ Antihypertensive/ Antianginal)
Get baseline RENAL & HEPATIC b4 admin
Blocks EpiPen
RISK: Agranulocytosis
Hydromorphone
(Opioid Analgesic)
ACTION: Inhibits ascending pain pathways in CNS, ^pain threshold
RISK: Resp. Depression; Opioid-Naive Pt.; LIVER and RENAL impairment
TEACH: Admin w/ food/milk to reduce GI irritation
S/E: N/V, anorexia, constipation, cramps, Low BP, Brady/Tachy, Dry mouth, Dyspnea
Hydromorphone
(Opioid Analgesic)
Get Baseline BP and HR b4 Admin
RISK= Constipation
ASK: if on Beta Blocker “-olol” b/c beta can block action of med
Atorvastatin
(Antilipidemic)
ACTION: Prevents CV dz by reducing heart risk by lowering cholesterol lvls
S/E: Abd cramps, constipation, diarrhea, flatus, heartburn
TEACH: Blood work and eye exams needed during tx, PLAN w/ med ^exercise, stop smoking, and low-cholesterol diet
RISK: Grapefruit = ^ to toxic lvls
Atorvastatin
(Antilipidemic/ HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin))
AVOID: Pregnant (Ask if planning to get pregnant) ; LIVER dz= Assess LIVER Labs b4 admin
Meds that end in “-statin” provide what function?
Anti-lipidemic
Lowers Cholesterol/ Reduces Plaque
Clonazepam
(Anticonvulsant/ Benzodiazepine Derivative)
TX: Seizures, Epilepsy, antianxiety
RISK: dec. LIVER fxn, check labs
S/E: Thrombocytopenia, anemia, Nystagmus, Nausea, Constipation, Drowsiness
TEACH: Wear ID bracelet, potential drug tolerance & w/drawal SX, Cont. follow-up exams and labs
Clonazepam
(Anticonvulsant/ Benzodiazepine Derivative)
PRIORITY: Resp. Distress
AVOID if have LIVER dz
Lactulose
(Laxative; ammonia detoxicant (hyperosmotic)
ACTION: Prevents absorption of ammonia in colon by acidifying stool
TX: Chronic constipation; portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) w/ hepatic dz
S/E: N/V, anorexia, ABG cramps, diarrhea, LOW NA, K, BG
ASSESS: Ammonia & NA levels, mental status, confusion
HOLD: N/V, Rectal bleeding, cramping OR Dehydrated
TEACH: report # of bm and characteristics, Take on EMPTY stomach
Lactulose
(Laxative; ammonia detoxicant (hyperosmotic)
TX: Encephalopathy w/ Hepatic DZ
Monitor: K levels
Hold: N/V, rectal bleeding, cramping OR Dyhydrated
Calcium Acetate
(Electrolyte replacement— calcium product/ Salt)
TX: Prevention/tx of hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, hypoparathyroidism, vit D def
S/E: Cardiac Arrest, dysrhythmias, Brady, Hypotension, renal calculi, SLOW INFUSION r/t Burning at IV site if fast
TEACH: ^fluids (2Lqday) and fiber
Calcium Acetate
(Electrolyte replacement— calcium product/ Salt)
TX: Phos binder for Renal Dialysis
Get Phos. lvl b4 admin to CKD pt.
Slow IV infusion r/t burning
Gabapentin
(Anticonvulsant/ GABA analogue)
-Adjunct med for nerve pain
S/E: UTI, Leukopenia, Diplopia (double vision), Nystagmus
TEACH: wear ID bracelet, Stop b4 surgery, TAPER off med (taper over 7 days r/t sudden d/c = seizers); HOLD antacid >2hr after admin
REPORT: suicidal thoughts and vision changes
Gabapentin
(Anticonvulsant/ GABA analogue)
HOLD: Pregnant or LOW WBC count
Taper off q7days
Nitrofurantoin
(Antibiotic)
TX: tx/prevent UTI
S/E: N/V, loss of appetite, Dark colored urine, stain teeth (oral suspension), dizziness, drowsiness
TEACH: ^ fluids, Frequent oral hygiene/rinse to not stain teeth
Nitrofurantoin
(Antibiotic) oral suspension
TX: prevent/tx UTI
