Medications Flashcards
GTN
Glyceryl trinitrate
Spray 400microg
Tablet 300microg-600microg
Champix
Varenicline
0.5mg once daily for 3 days, then 0.5mg twice daily for 4 days, then mg twice daily for total 12 weeks
SE: mood changes
Antibiotics for CAP in children
1. Amoxicillin 25mg/kg 8hrly for 3 days If non severe penicillin allergy cefuroxime Immediate or severe penicillin allergy Azithromycin Clarithromycin Or if >8yo doxycyline
Otitis media dosing in atsi guideline
- Amoxycillin 50mg/kg/day 2-3x per day for at least 7 days
If not improving in 4-7days
Increase amoxil dose to 90mg/kg/day
Or single dose azithro 30mg/kg
- repeat if not improving
If still persistent then either continue high dose amoxil or start augmentin 90mg/kg/day
Easy OM doses
Amoxicllin 15mg/kg q8h for 5 days
Or 30mg/kg bd
Augmentin 22.5/3.2mg/kg
Croup
Prednisolone 1mg/kg
Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg
If severe 0.6mg/kg (Max 12mg)
+ nebulised adrenaline 0.5ml/kg of 1:1000 to Max 5ml undiluted
Scarlet fever
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500mg q12h for 10 days
Kids 15mg/kg
Pinworm
Mebendazole 100mg (if <10kg 50mg)
Pyrantel 10mg/kg up to 1g
Albendazole 400mg or if <10kg 200mg
As single dose
Anaphylaxis
Adrenaline 1:1000 IM 0.5ml stat
Or 0.01ml/kg in kids (10mcg/kg)
Constipation kids
Parrafin oil (parachoc) Macrogol 3350 1-4 sachets per day Osmolax Lactulose 10-40ml per day Coloxyl/poloxamar 0.8ml tds
Pertussis
Azithromycin 500mg day 1 then 250mg for 4 further days
Or. Clarithromycin 500mg q12h for 7 days
2. Bactrim 160/800 q12h for 7 days
Cystitis kid
Trimetoprim + sulfamethoxazole 4+20mg/kg up to 160/800mg orally 12hrly for 3 days
Or just trimethoprim 4mg/kg bd up to 150mg if available
2. Cephalexin 12.5mg/kg up to 500mg q6h for 3 days
Cystitis non pregnant adults
- Trimethoprim 300mg daily for 3 days
2 . Nitrofurantoin 100mg q6h for 5 days
If neither above can be used
Cefalexin 500mg bd for 5 days
Cystitis pregnancy
- Nitrofurantoin 100mg q6h for 5 days
- Cefalexin 500mg q12h for 5 days
If 2nd or 3rd trimester trimethoprim 300mg daily for 3 days
Cystitis in men
- Trimethoprim for 7 days
- Nitrofurantoin for 7 days
- If prostrations unlikely cefalexin 500mg q12h for 7 days
Vaginal hrt
Estriol 1mg/g cream one applicator (0.5mg) nocte for 2-3 weeks then once or twice weekly
Trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine 100mg er bd increased as needed every 7 days up to 400mg bd
OM with allergy to penicillin
- Cefuroxime 15mg/kg to 500mg bd for 5 days
2. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 4+20mg/kg to 160/800mb 12hrly for 5 days
Chronic suppurative otitis media
Ciprofloxacin 0.3% ear drops 5 drops into affected ear q12h until the middle ear free of dc for at least 3 days
Restless legs syndrome
- Levodopa + benserazide (or carbidopa) 100+25mg orally before bed
If severe
Gabapentin 100mg orally up to 1200mg nocte
Pregabalin 75mg nocte up to 450mg nocte
Or
Pramipexole 0.125mg nocte 2hrs pre bed
Parkinsons disease
- Levodopa + carbidopa or benserazide 50+12.5mg tds increasing up to 100+25 over 1-2 weeks
- Pramipexole mr 0.375mg orally daily up to 4.5mg daily (there is a ir available which is tds)
- Rotigotine 2mg transdermally once daily, increasing by 2mg every week to Max 8mg daily
Se - nausea, take with food, tolerance to nausea develops quickly
Treatment for Paget’s disease
Zolendronic acid 5mg IV over 5 mins
ensure Vit D, Ca normal, pt well hydrated and eGFR >35
alkternatively risedronate 30mg orally on empty stomach daily for 2/12
Seizure
midazolam 0.2mg/kg (up to 10mg) bucally, intranasally, IM - repeat in 10mins if seizure continues
Pericarditis
Colchcine 500mg oral BD for 3 months (if <70kg once daily)
AND
aspirin 750-1000mg Q8H fir 1-2 weeks, then decreased by 250-500mg every 1-2 weeks then stop
Iburpofen 600mg Q8H for 1-2 weeks, then decreased dose by 100-200mg every 1-2 weeks then stop
Psoriasis on trunk and lims
- Coal tar prepared 1% emulsion or gel TOP once or twice daily for 1 month
- LpC 6% + salicylic acid 3% cream or ointment TOP twice daily for 1 month
If tar alone is not sufficient or for acute flares
1. Methylprednisone aceponate 0.1% ointment once daily until skin is clear (usually 2 to 6 weeks)
Or
Mometasone 0.1% ointment once daily until skin clear as above
If inadequate after 3 weeks change steroid to betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% ointment once daily until skin is clear
If few scattered plaques, not responding to tar, or needing longer term steroids consider
Calcipotriol + betamethasone dipropionate 50+500 microg/g ointment once daily - don’t use >100g per week due to risk hypercalcaemia
Acute angle closure glaucoma
if opthalmologist >1 hr away and significant vision loss OR IOP >40mmHg
give Timolol 0.5% one drop to affected eye then wait 1 minute
(CI if CI to beta blockers)
Strep throat IM dose
benzathine benzylpenicillin IM single dose >20kg 1.2million units 12-16kg 0.6million units 6-12 kg 0.45million units <6kg 0.3 million units
2nd line treatment OCD
Clomipramine 25-75mg PO increase up tolerated to dose of 150mg; max 300mg; need ECG first and at 6 weeks
migraine triptan
sumitriptan 20mg intranasally - max 40mg in 24hours
sumitriptan orally 50-100mg; max 300mg in 24 hrs
wait 2 hours before repeating dose; repeat dose if needed, if some response but inadequate; if not response from triptan do not give 2nd dose this attack (can retry during another attack)
bell’s palsy
prednisone 1mg/kg up to 75mg od for 5 days; + if within 72 hrs valaciclovir 1g q8h for 5 days (low quality evidence)
Implanon
Etonogestrel 68mg implant subdermally
Mirena
Levomorgestrel releasing IUD 52mg inserted into the uterus
Depot
Medroxyprogesterone 150mg by deep IM every 12 weeks
Norethisterone
5-10mg once daily
Cocp
Ethinyestradiol 30mcg +levonorgestrel 100mcg
Acute gout
- Local corticosteroid injection (triamcinolone acetonide 40mg/ml, 0.1-0.25ml administer by intra articular injection
- Nsaid 3-5 days
- . Prednisone 15-30mg po until symptoms abate, 3-5 days
- Colchicine 1mg then 1 hr later 500microg
Solar keratoses
- Fluorouracil 5% cream TOP once or twice daily for 2-4 weeks on the face or 3-6 weeks on arms and legs
- Imiquimod cream 5% topically nocte 3x per week for 3-4 weeks, washing area with mild soap and water in tbe morning; review at 4 weeks and if ongoing spots repeat once only
Ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel TOP on face or scalp, OD for 3 consecutive days
Tinea treatment
terbinafine 1% gel TOP once to twice daily for 7-14 days
onychomycosis
terbinafine 250mg orally once daily; 12 weeks toenails, 6 weeks fingernails
guttate psoriasis
coal tar topical 1% gel/emulsion
LPC6% + salicyclic acid 3% cream BD for a month
potent corticosteroid
calcipotriol (vit D anaolgs) top daily cream; no moe than 100g/week
preseptal cellulitis
for 7 days
1. flucloxacillin 500mg (12.5mg/kg) PO Q6H for 7 days
cefalex same dose if delayed non severe HS to penicillin
clindamycin 450mg (10mg/kg) Q8H if severe HS to pencillin
if concurrent sinuisitis, RFs for HIB (<5yo not vaccinated) - augmentin 22.5/3.2mg/kg up to 875/125mg for 7 days
OR 2nd line cefuroxime 500mg (15mg/kg) Q12H for 7 days
Oral candidiasis
- miconazole 2% gel 2.5mL TOP then swallowed, 4x dailym after foor, 7-14 days; continue treatment at least 7 days after symptoms resolve
- amphotericin B 10mg lozenge sucked, then swallowed, 4x daily, after food for 7-14 days continue 2-3 days after symptoms resolve
- nystatin 100 000 Units/mL 1mL TOP, then swallowed, 4x daily, for 7-14 days, continue treatment 2-3 days after symptoms reslve
HIV PREP
tenofovir 300mg/emtricitabine 200mg 1 daily (continuous)
or on demand 2-1-1 method
2 pills at least 2h before sex (can be up to 24hr), 1 pill 24hr later and then 1 pill 48hr after first dose