Medications Flashcards

1
Q

GTN

A

Glyceryl trinitrate
Spray 400microg
Tablet 300microg-600microg

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2
Q

Champix

A

Varenicline
0.5mg once daily for 3 days, then 0.5mg twice daily for 4 days, then mg twice daily for total 12 weeks
SE: mood changes

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3
Q

Antibiotics for CAP in children

A
1. Amoxicillin 25mg/kg 8hrly for 3 days
If non severe penicillin allergy cefuroxime
Immediate or severe penicillin allergy
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Or if >8yo doxycyline
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4
Q

Otitis media dosing in atsi guideline

A
  1. Amoxycillin 50mg/kg/day 2-3x per day for at least 7 days
    If not improving in 4-7days
    Increase amoxil dose to 90mg/kg/day
    Or single dose azithro 30mg/kg
    - repeat if not improving
    If still persistent then either continue high dose amoxil or start augmentin 90mg/kg/day
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5
Q

Easy OM doses

A

Amoxicllin 15mg/kg q8h for 5 days
Or 30mg/kg bd
Augmentin 22.5/3.2mg/kg

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6
Q

Croup

A

Prednisolone 1mg/kg
Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg
If severe 0.6mg/kg (Max 12mg)
+ nebulised adrenaline 0.5ml/kg of 1:1000 to Max 5ml undiluted

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7
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500mg q12h for 10 days

Kids 15mg/kg

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8
Q

Pinworm

A

Mebendazole 100mg (if <10kg 50mg)
Pyrantel 10mg/kg up to 1g
Albendazole 400mg or if <10kg 200mg
As single dose

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9
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Adrenaline 1:1000 IM 0.5ml stat

Or 0.01ml/kg in kids (10mcg/kg)

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10
Q

Constipation kids

A
Parrafin oil (parachoc)
Macrogol 3350 1-4 sachets per day
Osmolax 
Lactulose 10-40ml per day
Coloxyl/poloxamar 0.8ml tds
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11
Q

Pertussis

A

Azithromycin 500mg day 1 then 250mg for 4 further days
Or. Clarithromycin 500mg q12h for 7 days
2. Bactrim 160/800 q12h for 7 days

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12
Q

Cystitis kid

A

Trimetoprim + sulfamethoxazole 4+20mg/kg up to 160/800mg orally 12hrly for 3 days
Or just trimethoprim 4mg/kg bd up to 150mg if available
2. Cephalexin 12.5mg/kg up to 500mg q6h for 3 days

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13
Q

Cystitis non pregnant adults

A
  1. Trimethoprim 300mg daily for 3 days
    2 . Nitrofurantoin 100mg q6h for 5 days
    If neither above can be used
    Cefalexin 500mg bd for 5 days
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14
Q

Cystitis pregnancy

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin 100mg q6h for 5 days
  2. Cefalexin 500mg q12h for 5 days
    If 2nd or 3rd trimester trimethoprim 300mg daily for 3 days
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15
Q

Cystitis in men

A
  1. Trimethoprim for 7 days
  2. Nitrofurantoin for 7 days
  3. If prostrations unlikely cefalexin 500mg q12h for 7 days
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16
Q

Vaginal hrt

A

Estriol 1mg/g cream one applicator (0.5mg) nocte for 2-3 weeks then once or twice weekly

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17
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine 100mg er bd increased as needed every 7 days up to 400mg bd

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18
Q

OM with allergy to penicillin

A
  1. Cefuroxime 15mg/kg to 500mg bd for 5 days

2. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 4+20mg/kg to 160/800mb 12hrly for 5 days

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19
Q

Chronic suppurative otitis media

A

Ciprofloxacin 0.3% ear drops 5 drops into affected ear q12h until the middle ear free of dc for at least 3 days

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20
Q

Restless legs syndrome

A
  1. Levodopa + benserazide (or carbidopa) 100+25mg orally before bed
    If severe
    Gabapentin 100mg orally up to 1200mg nocte
    Pregabalin 75mg nocte up to 450mg nocte
    Or
    Pramipexole 0.125mg nocte 2hrs pre bed
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21
Q

Parkinsons disease

A
  1. Levodopa + carbidopa or benserazide 50+12.5mg tds increasing up to 100+25 over 1-2 weeks
  2. Pramipexole mr 0.375mg orally daily up to 4.5mg daily (there is a ir available which is tds)
  3. Rotigotine 2mg transdermally once daily, increasing by 2mg every week to Max 8mg daily
    Se - nausea, take with food, tolerance to nausea develops quickly
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22
Q

Treatment for Paget’s disease

A

Zolendronic acid 5mg IV over 5 mins
ensure Vit D, Ca normal, pt well hydrated and eGFR >35
alkternatively risedronate 30mg orally on empty stomach daily for 2/12

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23
Q

Seizure

A

midazolam 0.2mg/kg (up to 10mg) bucally, intranasally, IM - repeat in 10mins if seizure continues

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24
Q

Pericarditis

A

Colchcine 500mg oral BD for 3 months (if <70kg once daily)
AND
aspirin 750-1000mg Q8H fir 1-2 weeks, then decreased by 250-500mg every 1-2 weeks then stop
Iburpofen 600mg Q8H for 1-2 weeks, then decreased dose by 100-200mg every 1-2 weeks then stop

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25
Q

Psoriasis on trunk and lims

A
  1. Coal tar prepared 1% emulsion or gel TOP once or twice daily for 1 month
  2. LpC 6% + salicylic acid 3% cream or ointment TOP twice daily for 1 month

If tar alone is not sufficient or for acute flares
1. Methylprednisone aceponate 0.1% ointment once daily until skin is clear (usually 2 to 6 weeks)
Or
Mometasone 0.1% ointment once daily until skin clear as above
If inadequate after 3 weeks change steroid to betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% ointment once daily until skin is clear

If few scattered plaques, not responding to tar, or needing longer term steroids consider
Calcipotriol + betamethasone dipropionate 50+500 microg/g ointment once daily - don’t use >100g per week due to risk hypercalcaemia

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26
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma

A

if opthalmologist >1 hr away and significant vision loss OR IOP >40mmHg
give Timolol 0.5% one drop to affected eye then wait 1 minute
(CI if CI to beta blockers)

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27
Q

Strep throat IM dose

A
benzathine benzylpenicillin IM single dose
>20kg 1.2million units
12-16kg 0.6million units
6-12 kg 0.45million units
<6kg 0.3 million units
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28
Q

2nd line treatment OCD

A

Clomipramine 25-75mg PO increase up tolerated to dose of 150mg; max 300mg; need ECG first and at 6 weeks

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29
Q

migraine triptan

A

sumitriptan 20mg intranasally - max 40mg in 24hours
sumitriptan orally 50-100mg; max 300mg in 24 hrs
wait 2 hours before repeating dose; repeat dose if needed, if some response but inadequate; if not response from triptan do not give 2nd dose this attack (can retry during another attack)

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30
Q

bell’s palsy

A

prednisone 1mg/kg up to 75mg od for 5 days; + if within 72 hrs valaciclovir 1g q8h for 5 days (low quality evidence)

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31
Q

Implanon

A

Etonogestrel 68mg implant subdermally

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32
Q

Mirena

A

Levomorgestrel releasing IUD 52mg inserted into the uterus

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33
Q

Depot

A

Medroxyprogesterone 150mg by deep IM every 12 weeks

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34
Q

Norethisterone

A

5-10mg once daily

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35
Q

Cocp

A

Ethinyestradiol 30mcg +levonorgestrel 100mcg

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36
Q

Acute gout

A
  1. Local corticosteroid injection (triamcinolone acetonide 40mg/ml, 0.1-0.25ml administer by intra articular injection
  2. Nsaid 3-5 days
  3. . Prednisone 15-30mg po until symptoms abate, 3-5 days
  4. Colchicine 1mg then 1 hr later 500microg
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37
Q

Solar keratoses

A
  1. Fluorouracil 5% cream TOP once or twice daily for 2-4 weeks on the face or 3-6 weeks on arms and legs
  2. Imiquimod cream 5% topically nocte 3x per week for 3-4 weeks, washing area with mild soap and water in tbe morning; review at 4 weeks and if ongoing spots repeat once only
    Ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel TOP on face or scalp, OD for 3 consecutive days
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38
Q

Tinea treatment

A

terbinafine 1% gel TOP once to twice daily for 7-14 days

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39
Q

onychomycosis

A

terbinafine 250mg orally once daily; 12 weeks toenails, 6 weeks fingernails

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40
Q

guttate psoriasis

A

coal tar topical 1% gel/emulsion
LPC6% + salicyclic acid 3% cream BD for a month
potent corticosteroid
calcipotriol (vit D anaolgs) top daily cream; no moe than 100g/week

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41
Q

preseptal cellulitis

A

for 7 days
1. flucloxacillin 500mg (12.5mg/kg) PO Q6H for 7 days
cefalex same dose if delayed non severe HS to penicillin
clindamycin 450mg (10mg/kg) Q8H if severe HS to pencillin
if concurrent sinuisitis, RFs for HIB (<5yo not vaccinated) - augmentin 22.5/3.2mg/kg up to 875/125mg for 7 days
OR 2nd line cefuroxime 500mg (15mg/kg) Q12H for 7 days

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42
Q

Oral candidiasis

A
  1. miconazole 2% gel 2.5mL TOP then swallowed, 4x dailym after foor, 7-14 days; continue treatment at least 7 days after symptoms resolve
  2. amphotericin B 10mg lozenge sucked, then swallowed, 4x daily, after food for 7-14 days continue 2-3 days after symptoms resolve
  3. nystatin 100 000 Units/mL 1mL TOP, then swallowed, 4x daily, for 7-14 days, continue treatment 2-3 days after symptoms reslve
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43
Q

HIV PREP

A

tenofovir 300mg/emtricitabine 200mg 1 daily (continuous)
or on demand 2-1-1 method
2 pills at least 2h before sex (can be up to 24hr), 1 pill 24hr later and then 1 pill 48hr after first dose

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44
Q

diabetic neuropathy

A
  1. amitriptyline

2. duloxetine/gabapentin/pregabalin

45
Q

Iron

A

elemental iron 100-210mg (kids 3-6mg/kg); i.e. ferrous sulfate 325mg

46
Q

when do you use fenofibrate in diabetes

A

add on to statin or in place of if not tolerated when TG >2.3 or HDL is low

47
Q

bloods to confirm type 1 diabetes

A

glutamaic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2) anitbodies + in 90% type 1; c-peptide (<0.2) considering

48
Q

paracetamol dose in kids

A

15mg/kg

49
Q

ibuprofen dose in kids

A

10mg/kg TDS

50
Q

doses of cardioselective B-blockers

A

bisoprolol 1.25mg daily - up to 10mg daily
carvedilol 3.125mg BD - up to max 25mg BD (can go to 50mg if >80kg)
metoprolol succinate MR 23.75mg daily - to max 190mg daily

51
Q

treatment of hyperthyroidism

A
  1. carbimazole 10-20mg if mild, 30 to 45 mg orally if severe (thyroid hormones 2.5x higher), daily in 2 or 3 divided doses. Adjust the dose at 4- to 6-weekly intervals as required
  2. propylthiouracil 100-200mg if mild, 300 to 450 mg orally if severe, daily in 2 or 3 divided doses. Adjust the dose at 4- to 6-weekly intervals as required
52
Q

Emergency contraception

A

levonorgestrel 1.5mg STAT
or levonorgestrel 750microg stat and repeat in 12 hours
ulipristal 30mg orally STAT

53
Q

Chlamydia

A

when pregnant: azitrhomycin 1g STAT
doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days
in symptomatic anorectal infection doxy for 21 days

54
Q

Gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone 500mg IM in 2mL lignocaine 1%
+ Azithromycin 1g STAT
if pharyngeal azitrho dose 2g
if conjuncivitis ceftriaxone increases to 1g

55
Q

PID

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg in 2mL lignoacine 1% IM or IV STAT 500mg
+ metronidazole 400mg BD for 14 days
+ doxycycline 100mg BD for 14 days
If pregnant change doxy to azithro 1g now and in one week

56
Q

menopause, non HRT

A

desvenlafaxine 25-150mg daily
pregabalin 75-150mg BD
clonidine 25-75microg BD

57
Q

Abs for COPD exacerbation

A

Amoxil 500mg 8h, or 1g 12hr

doxy 100mg daily

58
Q

LABA

A

onbrez breezhaler = indacterol 150microg INH via DPI daily, increasing to 100microg daily if needed

59
Q

LAMA

A

Tiotropium 5 microg by HN via mist inhaler, daily

Spiriva respimat

60
Q

SABA

A

salbutamol 100-200microg by inhalation via pMDI with spacer

61
Q

LAMA/LABA dual therapy

A

olodaterol+tiotropium 5+5 microg by INH by mist inhaler daily
Spiolto respimat

62
Q

LABA/LAM/ICS

A

trelegy ellipta

fluticasone 100/umeclidinium62.5/vilanterol 25 microg via INH via DPI daily

63
Q

SAMA

A

not recommended as reliever alone in COPD

tiotropium (atrovent)

64
Q

asthma exacerbation severities

A

mild/mod - sats >94%, whole sentence
severe - access muscles, can’t complete sentence, sats 90-94%
life threatening - sats <90%, poor resp effort, reduced LOC

65
Q

nebulised asthma med doses

A

ipratropium bromide 500mcg

salbutamol 5mg

66
Q

montelukast doses

A

adults 10mg daily
6-14yo 5mg
1-5yo 4mg
note it is less effective than ICS

67
Q

Gout prophylaxis

A

allopurinol 50mg orally for 4 weeks, then increase by 50mg every 2-4 weeks –> to max 900mg daily

68
Q

first line medications for painful peripheral acute neruopathy

A

gabapnetin 100-300mg PO nocte - increasing to eventually max TDS total 3600mg, max 900mg if frail/>70
pregabalin 25-75mg orall nocte - to max 600mg/day, 300mf if >70/frail

69
Q

treatment giant cell arteritis

A

prednisone 40-60mg orally dailly (can be divied into 2 doses), for minimum 4 weeks; once symptoms resolve and inflam markers normal reduce dailly doses by 10mg every 2 weeks to 20mg daily, then 2.5mg every 2-4 weeks to 10mg, then 1mg every 4-8 weeks then stop
aspirin 100mg
if any visual loss - IV methylprednisolone 0.5-1g IV over 1 hour daily for 3 days then switch to oral prednisone

70
Q

treatment of UTI in pregnancy

A
  1. nitrofurantoin
  2. cefalexin
    in 2nd and 3rd trimester could use trimethoprim
    if resistance on sample and needs change
  3. amoxicillin (500 Q8H)
  4. augmentin (500/125 BD)
71
Q

empirical therapy for acute infectious diarrhea

A
  1. ciprofloxacin 500mg POR Q12H for 3 days
  2. norfloxacin 400mg PO Q12H for 3 days
    If infection likely to be aquired where there is quinolone resitance or child needing oral susepcion:
    Azithromycin 500mg PO daily for 3 days
72
Q

treatment for persistent pruritis ani

A

methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% fatty ointment TOP, once daily until skin is clear and itch gone - for up to 4 weeks

73
Q

Giardia

A
  1. tinidazole 2g STAT - discontinued in Aust
  2. metronidazole 2g PO daily for 3 days (children 30mg/kg)
  3. metronidazole 400mg Q8H (childrenm 10mg/kg) for 5 days
74
Q

naloxone dose

A

V/IM/SC, 400–800 micrograms repeated as necessary; larger initial doses may be required; be guided by pupil size and clinical response. If the diagnosis of opioid poisoning is correct, the patient should improve in 1 minute.
eTG says if hypoventilation 400micrgo to 2mg

75
Q

oral canididiasis in children <2yo

A
  1. nystatin 100 000 U/mL 1mL TOP QID after feeding for 7-14 days, continue for 3 days after symptoms
  2. Miconbazole gel 2% 1.25mL TOP QID after feeding for 7-14 days, continue for 7 days after symptoms resolve
76
Q

allergic conjunctivitis

A

azelastine 0.05% eye drops 1 drop both eyes 2-4x/day

ketotifen 0.025% eye drops, 1 drop both eyes, twice daily

77
Q

HSV keratitis

A

aciclovir 3% eye ointment 5x daily, for 10-14 dars OR at least 3 days after healing (whichever is shorter); if topical NA
valaciclovir 500mg PO Q12H for 7-10days

78
Q

cyclopegic

A

dilates pupil

one drop cyclopentolate 1% opthalmic solution

79
Q

topical eye pain relief

A

one drop 0.5% tetracaine opathalmic solution, may repeat in 5-10mins if needed

80
Q

herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

valaciclovir 1g PO Q8H for 7 days

81
Q

oral therapy for preseptal cellulitis

A
  1. flucloxacillin 500mg (kids 12.5mg/kg) POR Q6H for 7 days
    if delayed non severe HS to pencillincs
    cefalexin 500mg (kids 12.5mh/kg) PO Q6H for 7 days
    severe or immedaite HS penicllin
    Clindamycin 450mg (10mg/kg) PO Q8H for 7 days
    if Hib RFs/concurrent sinusitis
    augmentin duo forte
82
Q

cirrhosis examination findings

A

spider naevi
palmar erythema
gynaecomastia
splenomegaly

83
Q

cirrhosis examination findings

A

spider naevi
palmar erythema
gynaecomastia
splenomegaly

84
Q

hep C antivirals (treatment niave)

A

epclusa: sofosbuvir+velpatasvir (400/100mg) 1 tablet daily for 12 weeks

85
Q

H Pylori treatment

A

Esomeprazole 20mg BD for 7 days
amoxicillin 1g BD for 7 days
Clarithromycin 500mg BD for 7 days

86
Q

H Pylori eradication if penicillin allergy

A

PPI BD
metronidazole 400mg PO BD for 7 days
clarithromycin 500mg PO BD for 7 days

87
Q

risks PPI use

A

short term - interstitial nephritis

long term - hypoMg, increased risk pneumonia, C.Fidd, impair nutrient absorption, increased # risk

88
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

dapson

89
Q

Seborrhoeic dermatitis in infants

A

scalp: 1% sulphur + 1% salicyclic acid - apply overnight and wash off in morning; 3x/week
older kids: ketoconazole 2% shampoo

90
Q

treatment erysipelas

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin 500mg Q6H for 5 days
OR procaine benzylpenicillin 1.5g IM daily for 3 days
if HS penicillins cefalexin 500mg Q6H for 5 days
severe HS penicillin
Clindamycin 450mg Q8H for 5 days

91
Q

treatment for purulent cellulitis (associated ulcer, abscess, penetrating trauma)

A
  1. dicloxacillin
  2. cefalexin
    increased risk MRSA:
  3. bactrim
  4. clindamycin
92
Q

alpha blocker for BPH

A

tamsulosin or prazosin

93
Q

5 alpha reductase inhibitor

A

finasteride/dutasteride

94
Q

naltrexone

A

50mg once dailly

95
Q

acamprosate

A

666mg TDS, start 1 week after drinking cessation

96
Q

treatment for bipolar depression in adults

A
lamotrigdine
lihtium
lurasidone
olanzapine
quetiapine
97
Q

croup

A

prednisonhe 1mg/kg;
or dex 0.15mg/kf
severe - adrenal 0.1% 5mL INH via neb
+ pred 2mg/kr or dex 0.6mg/kg

98
Q

high risk cervical cancer - refer without 12 month repeat

A

2 or more years overdue for CST
identify as ATSI
ages 50-69

99
Q

treatment vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

clotrimazole 1% cream intaveginally nocte for 6 nights; or 10% for one night or fluconazole 150mg PO stat

100
Q

non pharm management of thrush

A

non soap cleanser
avoid tight clothing
avoid irritants/steroid cream

101
Q

Nortriptyline

A

start 10-28days before quitting, continue for 12 weeks after stopping
25mg once daily –> increased to 75mg gradually
SE - arryhtmia in CV, dry mouth

102
Q

Bupropion

A

start whie smoking, set quit date for 2 weeks later
150mg daily for 3 days, then BD for total 9/52 course
SE - seizure, CI if on MAO-I, caution with antipsychotics/depot

103
Q

Apixaban

A

VTE - 10mg BD for 7 days, then 5mg BD ongoing - if Crcl >25
AF - 5mg BD
if 2 of <60kg, >80yo, CrCl >133 = 2.5mg BD

104
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

VTE - 15mg BD for 3 weeks, then 20mg daily ongoing (needs Cr Cl>30)
prophylaxis of VTE - 10-20mg once daily
AF 20mg once daily
CAD - 2.5mg BD with aspirin

105
Q

Dabigatran

A

needs clexane bridging on commencement for 5 days
VTE- 150mg BD
>75yo/high bleeding risk/eGFR <50 - 110mg BD

106
Q

heart failure specific beta blockers with doses

A

carvedilol 3.125mg BD –> titrate to 50mg BD
Metoprolol succinate 25mg once daily –> titrated up to 200mg once daily
NEbivololv
Bisoprolol 125mg once daily –>10mg once daily

107
Q

prostatis first line treatment

A

trimpethoprim 300mg PO daily for 14 days

108
Q

Otitis externa prevention

A

Acetic acid + isopropyl ear drops 4-6 drops after water

109
Q

Otitis externa fungal and not fungal

A

Flumetasone + clioquinol 0.02%+1% ear drops 3 drops bd for 7 days