Medication Types

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

• Stops Kidneys from reabsorbing water and electrolytes increasing the loss of water and electrolytes in the form of urine, to lower blood volume; thus lowering blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Hypotension, Dehydration, Electrolyte Deficiencies, Arrhythmias.
• Special Precautions: 1.) Avoid taking at bedtime. 2.) May need electrolyte supplements

Question 2

Beta-Blockers

Answer 2

• Blocks receptor antagonists that act on the beta receptors in the heart, causing decreased heart rate and cardiac output, and lowers the blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Hypotension, Dizziness, syncope, Bradycardia, Fatigue, and Hepatic toxicity.
• Special Precautions: 1.) Don’t abruptly discontinue. 2.) Major drug-drug interactions with certain asthma medications.
• Suffix: -lol

Question 3

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 3

{Angiotestin Converting Enzyme}

• Restrains Angiotestin I from converting into Angiotestin II, decreasing fluid volume and causing peripheral vasodilation resulting in lower blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Hyperkalemia (Increased blood Potassium), Hypotension, Dry, consistent cough, Angiodemia, Increased Serum Creatinine (an indicator of kidney failure)
• Special Precautions: 1.) If a cough is intolerable, may need to switch to a different class of antihypertensive. 2.) Monitor kidney function
• Suffix: -pril

Question 4

ARBs

Answer 4

{Angiotestin II Receptor Blockers}

• Inhibit the binding of Angiotensin II to the receptor, producing similar end results to ACE inhibitors, to lower blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Hyperkalemia, Hypotension, Angioedema, Dry, persistent cough, Increased Serum Creatinine.
• Special Precautions: 1.) If a cough is intolerable, may need to switch to a different class of antihypertensive. 2.) Monitor kidney function
• Suffix: -Sartan

Question 5

CCBs

Answer 5

{Calcium Channel Blockers}

• Hinder the calcium ion flux in the vascular smooth muscle of the heart, resulting in heart muscle relaxation, decreasing blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Hypotension, Flushing, Tachycardia, Dizziness, Headache, Exacerbation of CHF
• Special Precautions: Monitor for signs of peripheral or pulmonary edema.
• Suffix: -pine

Question 6

Vasodilators

Answer 6

• Directly dilate blood vessels to produce a rapid and significant reduction in blood pressure.
• Side Effects: Tachycardia, Lupus, Edem; fluid retention, Postural hypotension
• Special Precautions: 1.) Don’t abruptly stand up. 2.) Monitor for signs of swelling.
• Prefix: Nitro-

Question 7

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Answer 7

• Inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase, thus decreasing cholesterol production and reducing LDL levels.
• May also increase HDL & lower the triglycerides in some patients.

Question 8

List Diuretic Medications….

Answer 8

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix)

Question 9

List Beta-Blocker Medications…

Answer 9

Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Metoprolol Succinate XL (Toprol XL)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Labetalol (Normodyne)

Question 10

List ACE Inhibitor Medications…

Answer 10

Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Benazepril (Lotensin)

Question 11

List ARB Medications…

Answer 11

Losartan (Cozaar)
Valsortan (Diovan)
Irbesartan (Avapro)

Question 12

List CCB Medications…

Answer 12

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Verapamil (Calan)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Felodipine (Plendil)

Question 13

List Vasolilator Medications…

Answer 13

Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur)

Question 14

Vasoconstrictor

Answer 14

Medications or agents that cause blood vessels to constrict

Question 15

Blood-Thinners

Answer 15

Used to prevent clot formation or blood dissolution of a clot to prevent further damage.

Question 16

Pro-Coagulant

Answer 16

A drug or substance that promotes coagulation

Question 17

Anti-Coagulant

Answer 17

A drug or substance that inhibits coagulation;

Warfarin, Heparin, LMWH

Question 18

Anti-Platelets

Answer 18

Disrupt platelet aggregation to help prevent a clot from forming
(Oral & Intravenous)

Question 19

Granulate Colony Stimulating Factors (gCSF)

Answer 19

Stimulate the production of neutrophils
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)

Question 20

Immunosuppressant drugs

Answer 20

Partially or completely suppress a patient’s immune system to prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissue