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PHARMACOLOGY > Medication Preparations and Supplies > Flashcards

Medication Preparations and Supplies Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the type of preparation in which the drug is supplied.

A

Drug form

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2
Q

Drug form is synonymous to _______.

A

drug preparation

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3
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - capsule

A

cap

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4
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - elixir

A

elix

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5
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - drop

A

gtt

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6
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - suppository

A

supp

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7
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS -

A
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8
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - suspension

A

susp

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9
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

DRUG FORMS - tablet

A

tab

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10
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - intramuscular

A

IM

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11
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - intravenous

A

IV

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12
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - topical

A

TOP

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13
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - oral

A

PO, po

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14
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - rectal

A

R or PR

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15
Q

Common Abbreviations for Drug Administration

ROUTES - subcutaneous

A

subcu/sc

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16
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Disks of compressed drug
* Comes in a variety of shapes, colors, and may be coated to enhance swallowing, and may be scored

A

Tablet

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17
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Tablet with a special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices
* Some drugs that are irritating to the stomach, such as aspirin, are available.

A

Enteric-coated tablet

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18
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Drug contained within a gelatin-type container
* Easier to swallow than noncoated tablets
* Double chamber may be pulled apart to add drug powder to soft foods or beverages for patients who have difficulty swallowing

A

Capsule

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19
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Drug particles that have various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before the coatings dissolve.
* Designed to deliver a dose of drug over an extended period of time.
* An advantage of taking a drug in this form is the decreased frequency
* Must not be crushed or mixed with foods unless specifically allowed by the drug manufacturer.

A

Sustained-release capsule or tablet

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20
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Tablet containing palatable flavouring, indicated for a local (often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth.
* Patient is advised not to swallow; should be allowed to slowly dissolve in the mouth
* Patient is also advised not to drink liquids for approximately 15 minutes after administration

A

Lozenge (troche)

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21
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Liquid form of medication that must be shaken well before administration because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle.

A

Suspension

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22
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and fats in water.

A

Emulsion

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23
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Liquid drug forms with alcohol evaporation.
* Should be tightly capped to prevent alcohol evaporation.
* Should not be available to alcoholics. Caution in small children.

A

Elixir

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24
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Sweetened, flavoured liquid drug form.

A

Syrup

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25
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Oral Drug Forms
* Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally and evenly dissolved
* Appearance is clear rather than cloudy or settled.

A

Solution

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26
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Rectal Drug Forms
* Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature.

A

Suppository

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27
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Rectal Drug Forms
* Drug may be either a suspension or a solution to be administered as an ______.

A

Enema

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28
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Rectal Drug Forms
* Drug may be either a suspension or a solution to be administered as an ______.

A

Enema

29
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Drug suspended (suspension) or dissolved (solution) in a sterile vehicle.
* Quite often the solution have a sterile water base and are thus referred to as aqueous (waterlike) solutions.
* Some solutions have an oil base (viscous solutions), which tends to cause a more prolonged absorption time.

A

Liquid

30
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Dry particles of drugs that must be mixed with a sterile diluting solution to render an injectable solution (reconstitution)
The various injection routes differ according to the type of tissues into which the drug is deposited and the rate of absorption.

A

Powder

31
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Dry particles of drugs that must be mixed with a sterile diluting solution to render an injectable solution (reconstitution)

A

Powder

32
Q

The various injection routes differ according to the type of _______ into which the drug is deposited and the __________.

A

type of tissues; rate of absorption

33
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected directly into a vein.
* Immediate absorption and availability to major organs renders this route a dangerous one.

A

Intravenous

34
Q

Identify which type of IV injections:

a small volume of drug (bolus) injected into a peripheral saline lock, attached to a vein. Can also be injected into a port on a primary (continuous) injection line.

A

IV push

35
Q

Identify which type of IV injections:

a large volume of fluids, often with drugs added, that infuses continually into a vein.

A

IV infusion or IV drip

36
Q

Identify which type of IV injections:

a drug diluted in moderate volume (50-100 ml) of fluid for intermittent infusion at specified intervals.

A

IV piggyback (IVPB)

37
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected into a muscle by positioning the needle and syringe at a 90-degree angle from the skin.
* Absorption is fairly rapid due to the vascularity in muscle.

A

Intramuscular

38
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the skin by positioning the needle and syringe at a 45-degree angle from the skin.
* Sometimes, especially with self-administration or a shorter needle, a 90-degree angle is used

A

Subcutaneous

39
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected just beneath the skin by positioning the needle bevel up and the syringe at a 15-degree angle from the skin.
* Used primarily for allergy skin testing.
* Tuberculin (TB) skin tests (PPD) are also administered __, and the site is inspected 48- 72 h later for hardness (induration) and swelling.

A

Intradermal

40
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected into a catheter that has been placed by an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of the spinal canal.
* ________ have become a popular and widely accepted vehicle for the management of acute postoperative pain.

A

Epidural

41
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected directly into the marrow of long bones.

A

Intraosseous

42
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Drugs injected directly into the brain via a catheter (ventriculostomy) placed in a brain ventricle.

A

Intraventricular

43
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Injectable Drug Forms
* Injected into the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the spibnal cord.
* Drugs injected by this route are frequently anesthetics, which render a lack of sensation to those regions of the body distal to the intraspinal injection.

A

Intraspinal

44
Q

include drugs for dermal application and drugs for mucosal application.

A

Topical drug forms

45
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
* A semisolid preparation containing a drug, for external application.

A

Cream or Ointment

46
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
* Creams and ointments are not the same.
*_______ are more aqueous in nature and ______ tend to be thicker or more viscous

A

Creams; ointments

47
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
* A liquid preparation applied externally for the treatment of skin disorders.
* Should be patted, not rubbed, on the affected skin.

A

Lotion

48
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
* Preparation for external use that is rubbed on the skin as a counterirritant.
* The ______ creates a different sensation to mask pain in the skin or muscles.

A

Liniment

49
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
* Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote a consistent blood level of the drug between application times.
* Advantages of this method of administration include:
- Easy application, with minimal discomfort or undesirable taste
- Effectiveness for long periods of time, hours for some drugs, and days for others
- Consistent blood level of drug because the drug is released at varying rates
rather than all at one time.

A

Transdermal patch

50
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops.

A

Eye, ear, and nose drops

51
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic in nature, only for ophthalmic use

A

Eye ointment

52
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or antifungal nature, that are to be inserted vaginally with the use of a special applicator.

A

Vaginal creams

53
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature, for local effect.

A

Rectal and vaginal suppositories

54
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Sterile solution, often an antiseptic such as povidone-
iodine solution and sterile water, used to irrigate the
vaginal canal.

A

Douche solution

55
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms - Mucosal drugs
Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa in the mouth.
It is to be placed between the cheek and gums.

A

Buccal tablet

56
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Identify type of Inhalation Drug Form:
In the hospital setting, respiratory therapists instill a liquid into a chamber of a nebulizer for a patient’s breathing treatment. Often the liquid contains a bronchodilator, a mucolytic agent, or a sterile saline solution for moisture.

A

Spray or mist

56
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Topical Drug Forms
This is a very fast acting (second to IV route) and effective route for delivering humidification and medication directly into the respiratory system.

A

Inhalation Drug Forms

57
Q

DRUG FORMS AND DEVICES

Identify type of Inhalation Drug Form:
In the home, the patient may instill aerosol sprays into the respiratory system via a __________ (SVN), a __________ (MDI), or a __________.

A

small-volume nebulizer (SVN), a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), or a dry-powdered inhaler

58
Q

SUPPLIES
* Two types of disposable cups are commonly used:
________ cups for tablets and capsules, and _______ medicine cups with measurements for dispensing oral liquid medications.

A

Medicine cup; paper; plastic

59
Q

SUPPLIES
* Small glass container that holds a single dose of sterile solution for injection.
* The ______ must be broken at the _____ to obtain the solution

A

Ampule; neck

60
Q
  • Glass container sealed at the top by a rubber stopper to enhance sterility of the contents.
  • Contents may be a solution or a powdered drug that needs to be reconstituted.
A
61
Q

SUPPLIES
* Glass container sealed at the top by a rubber stopper to enhance sterility of the contents.
* Contents may be a solution or a powdered drug that needs to be reconstituted.

A

Vial

62
Q

Needles for injections have two measurements that must be noted:

varies from short (3/8 inch) to medium (1-11⁄2 inch) for standard injections. Long needles (5 inch) may be used for intraspinal or intraosseous routes.

A

Length

63
Q

Needles for injections have two measurements that must be noted:

is a number that represents the diameter of the needle lumen (opening). ____ 16 (largest) to 31 (smallest)

A

Gauge

64
Q

Syringes
* 2-3 mL; usually with a needle attached

A

Hypodermic syringe (standard)

65
Q

Syringes
* Used strictly for administering insulin to diabetics.
* Standard ______ syringe has only a 1-mL capacity, which is equivalent to 100 units

A

Insulin syringe

66
Q

Syringes
* Very narrow and is finely calibrated
* Has a total capacity of 1 mL
* Commonly used for newborn and pediatric dosages and for ID skin tests.

A

TB syringe

67
Q

Syringes
* Some oral liquid medications are dispensed from the pharmacy in disposable plastic syringes with rubber or plastic covers on the tip.
* These syringes are labeled “Not for injection” or “For oral use only.”

A

Oral syringes

PHARMACOLOGY (11 decks)

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