Medication List 1: Anti-Infectives Flashcards
Anti-bacterials (antibiotics)
doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalexin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole
Doxycycline: brands
Vibramycin, Adoxa, Monodox
Doxycycline: common strengths
20mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg, 150mg
Doxycycline: common frequency
q12h
Doxycycline: indications/use
RTI, UTI, STI, acne and skin infections
Doxycycline: counseling tips and important info
-sun sensitivity
-take with food to prevent stomach upset
-Do not take with: Ca++, Fe++, Mg++, Zn++ within 2 hours of taking doxy
-May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OC); use additional form of (BC) during and 1 wk after last dose
Amoxicillin: brands
Amoxil
Amoxicillin: common strengths
250mg, 500mg, 875mg
Amoxicillin: common frequency
q8h, q12h
Amoxicillin: indications/use
RTI, UTI, STI, ENT infections, skin infections
Amoxicillin: counseling tips and important info
-May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OC); use additional form of (BC) during and 1 wk after last dose
-contraindicated if penicillin allergy
Cephalexin: brands
Keflex
Cephalexin: common strengths
250mg, 500mg
Cephalexin: common frequency
q6h, q8h
Cephalexin: indications/use
RTI, UTI, ENT, skin and bone infections, skin disease states
Cephalexin: counseling tips and important info
-do not take with Zn++ for at least 3 hours after taking
-contraindicated if cephalosporin allergy
-caution if penicillin allergy
Azithromycin: brands
Zithromax, Z-Pak, Tri-Pak
Azithromycin: common strengths
250mg, 500mg
Azithromycin: common frequency
Z-pak: Two 250mg PO (500mg) on day 1, then 1 tablet days 2-5, q24h
Azithromycin: indications/use
RTI, STI, ENT, skin, and eye infections
Azithromycin: counseling tips and important info
-Do not take with an Al++ or Mg++ containing antacid
-QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interactions
-contraindicated if macrolide allergy
Ciprofloxacin: brands
Cipro, Ciloxan
Ciprofloxacin: common strengths
250mg, 500mg, 750mg
Ciprofloxacin: common frequency
q12h
Ciprofloxacin: indications/use
STI, prostatitis, skin and bone infections, pneumonia, complicated UTI, RTI, and abdominal infections
Ciprofloxacin: counseling tips and important info
-QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
-Do not take with Ca++, Fe++ within 2 hrs of taking
-Sun sensitivity
-May increase caffeine sensitivity
-Contraindicated if fluoroquinolone allergy
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: brands
Bactrim DS
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: common strengths
800mg(S)/160mg(T)
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: common frequency
q12h
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: indications/use
RTI, UTI, HIV-associated infections
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: counseling tips and important info
-Sun sensitivity
-Take with at least 8 oz water
-Contraindicated if sulfa allergy
Nitrofurantoin: brands
Macrobid, Macrodantin
Nitrofurantoin: common strengths
100mg
Nitrofurantoin: common frequency
q12h
Nitrofurantoin: indications/use
UTI
Nitrofurantoin: counseling tips and important info
-orange or brown urine is expected, not cause for concern
-Do not take with Mg++ within 2 hrs of taking
-Take with food or milk to increase absorption
Metronidazole: brands
Flagyl
Metronidazole: common strengths
250mg, 500mg
Metronidazole: common frequency
q6h, q8h, q12h
Metronidazole: indications/use
abscess, vaginosis, GI tract infections, STI
Metronidazole: counseling tips and important info
-Contraindicated: alcohol use during therapy and for 3 days following last dose
-Metallic taste in mouth
-Common adverse effect: headache
Anti-Fungals
Fluconazole
Fluconazole: brands
Diflucan
Fluconazole: common strengths
100mg, 150mg, 200mg
Fluconazole: common frequency
q24h, single dose for vaginitis
Fluconazole: indications/use
Fungal infections of: mouth (thrush), skin, vagina, HIV-associated
Fluconazole: counseling tips and important info
-QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interactions
-Report any new skin rashes to prescriber (maculopapular rash)
Anti-Virals
Valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: brands
Valtrex
Valacyclovir: common strengths
500mg, 1 gram
Valacyclovir: common frequency
q8h, q12h, q24h
Valacyclovir: indications/use
Herpes viral infections of genitals, cold sores, and shingles
Valacyclovir: counseling tips and important info
-Common adverse effect: headache
-Does not prevent disease transmission (avoid sex when sores present)
-Drink lots of fluids to prevent accumulation in kidneys