Medication & Cognitive treatments Flashcards
Psychostimulants
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
- Treatment of ADHD
How?
Dopamine + Noradrenaline reputable inhibitors = INCREASE amount of D + NA (regulate attention etc)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Psychostimulants
+ Effective treating: Reduced impulsivity & Lowering activity levels
- Short acting
- Increase BP & HR
- ‘The Zombie Effect’ - social withdrawal
Anxiolytics
Reduce severe anxiety
Benzodiazepines
Anxiolytic:
BZ binds to BDZ binding site = open chloride channels = INCREASE GABA (inhibits fear etc)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Benzodiazepine
+ Muscle relaxant
+ Can be used as sedative
- Highly addictive
- Withdrawal effects - tremor, twitching
Beta Blockers
Anxiolytic
Blocks effects of stress hormones
Advantages and Disadvantages of Beta Blockers
+ Side effects less severe
+ Not addictive
- Only offers symptom relief
Phenothiazine
Blocks dopamine receptors
Advantages and Disadvantages of Phenothiazine
+ Effect on + symptoms
- No effect on - symptoms
- Strong side effects e.g., Anticholinergic = blurred vision and low BP
MAIO’s
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Inhibit activity of MO’s (Enzyme that breaks down monoamines e.g., serotonin)
INCREASE activity of neurones that use Serotonin and Noradrenaline
Tricyclics
Block reputable of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline
- Toxic effects on cardiovascular system
SSRI’s
Selective Serotonin are uptake Inhibitors
Inhibit reuptake of serotonin
+ Fewer side effects
+ Effective
What is CBA?
Cognitive Behavioural Approach
Aim - Cognitive restructuring & modify aspects to become more adaptive
- Thoughts
- Emotions
- Behaviour
- Physical sensations
Examples of cognitive bias?
Catastrophising
Emotional Reasoning
Tunnel-vision
What are vicious circles? (Beck)
Circles that maintain distorted thinking & dysfunctional behaviour
