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AU 317 Patho/Pharm > Medication Classes > Flashcards

Medication Classes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary uses of analgesics?

A

To relieve pain.

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2
Q

True or False: Analgesics can be both non-opioid and opioid.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The mechanism of action of NSAIDs involves inhibition of ______.

A

cyclooxygenase (COX).

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4
Q

What is a common side effect of opioids?

A

Constipation.

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5
Q

What class of drugs is primarily used to treat hypertension?

A

Antihypertensives.

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6
Q

Which type of antihypertensive works by blocking calcium channels?

A

Calcium channel blockers.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of beta-blockers? A) Fatigue B) Bradycardia C) Hyperglycemia

A

C) Hyperglycemia.

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8
Q

What is the primary use of diuretics?

A

To reduce fluid retention.

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9
Q

True or False: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough.

A

True.

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of statins?

A

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase.
-Statins structurally resemble the natural substrate of HMG-CoA reductase, allowing them to bind to the enzyme’s active site. This competitive binding prevents the enzyme from converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in cholesterol production

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11
Q

What class of drugs is used to lower cholesterol levels?

A

Statins.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Antidepressants often target neurotransmitters such as serotonin and ______.

A

norepinephrine.

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13
Q

What is a common side effect of SSRIs?

A

Nausea.

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14
Q

What type of drug class is commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders?

A

Benzodiazepines
-often has the “-azepam” suffix

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of benzodiazepines? A) Drowsiness B) Hypertension C) Hyperactivity

A

A) Drowsiness.

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16
Q

What is the primary use of antipsychotics?

A

To manage psychosis and schizophrenia.

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17
Q

True or False: Atypical antipsychotics often have fewer extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics.

A

True.

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18
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat asthma?

A

Bronchodilators.

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta-agonists in asthma treatment?

A

They relax bronchial smooth muscle.

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20
Q

What is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Oral thrush.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary use of anticoagulants is to prevent ______.

A

blood clots.

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22
Q

What is a common side effect of anticoagulants?

A

Increased bleeding risk.

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23
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat diabetes?

A

Antidiabetic agents.

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24
Q

True or False: Metformin is a type of sulfonylurea.

A

False.

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25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production.

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26
Q

What is a common side effect of metformin?

A

Gastrointestinal upset.

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27
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a thiazolidinedione? A) Metformin B) Pioglitazone C) Glipizide

A

B) Pioglitazone.

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28
Q

What class of drugs is used to manage hyperthyroidism?

A

Antithyroid medications.

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29
Q

What is a common side effect of antithyroid medications?

A

Agranulocytosis.

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary use of corticosteroids is to reduce ______.

A

inflammation.

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31
Q

What is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid use?

A

Weight gain.

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32
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat infections?

A

Antibiotics.

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33
Q

True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

A

False.

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

A

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.

35
Q

What is a common side effect of antibiotics?

A

Diarrhea.

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a macrolide antibiotic? A) Amoxicillin B) Azithromycin C) Ciprofloxacin

A

B) Azithromycin.

37
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat hypertension and heart failure?

A

ACE inhibitors.

38
Q

What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary mechanism of action of beta-blockers is to block ______.

A

beta-adrenergic receptors.

40
Q

What is the primary use of antihistamines?

A

To relieve allergy symptoms.

41
Q

True or False: First-generation antihistamines can cause sedation.

A

True.

42
Q

What is a common side effect of second-generation antihistamines?

A

Less sedation compared to first-generation.

43
Q

What class of drugs is primarily used for treating epilepsy?

A

Antiepileptics.

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of phenytoin?

A

Stabilizes neuronal membranes.

45
Q

What is a common side effect of antiepileptic drugs?

A

Dizziness.

46
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a benzodiazepine? A) Diazepam B) Fluoxetine C) Sertraline

A

A) Diazepam.

47
Q

What is the primary use of muscle relaxants?

A

To relieve muscle spasms.

48
Q

What is a common side effect of muscle relaxants?

A

Drowsiness.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors is to inhibit ______ secretion.

A

gastric acid.

50
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A

Proton pump inhibitors.

51
Q

True or False: Proton pump inhibitors can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use.

A

True.

52
Q

What is a common side effect of laxatives?

A

Abdominal cramping.

53
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat hyperlipidemia?

A

Statins.

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fibrates?

A

They lower triglyceride levels.

55
Q

What is a common side effect of fibrates?

A

Gastrointestinal discomfort.

56
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a side effect of long-term opioid use? A) Tolerance B) Increased energy C) Hyperactivity

A

A) Tolerance.

57
Q

What class of drugs is used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A

Bronchodilators.

58
Q

What is a common side effect of corticosteroids when used systemically?

A

Osteoporosis.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary use of antacids is to neutralize ______.

A

stomach acid.

60
Q

What class of drugs is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Dopaminergic agents.

61
Q

True or False: Levodopa is often combined with carbidopa to enhance its effectiveness.

A

True.

62
Q

What is a common side effect of dopaminergic agents?

A

Nausea.

63
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat allergic reactions?

A

Antihistamines.

64
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines?

A

Block histamine receptors.

65
Q

What is a common side effect of first-generation antihistamines?

A

Sedation.

66
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)? A) Sertraline B) Amitriptyline C) Phenelzine

A

A) Sertraline.

67
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat obesity?

A

Anti-obesity agents.

68
Q

What is a common side effect of anti-obesity medications?

A

Diarrhea.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary use of antihyperlipidemic drugs is to lower ______ levels.

A

cholesterol.

70
Q

What class of drugs is used for the treatment of gout?

A

Uricosurics.

71
Q

What is a common side effect of uricosurics?

A

Kidney stones.

72
Q

True or False: Anticonvulsants can be used to treat bipolar disorder.

A

True.

73
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat fungal infections?

A

Antifungals.

74
Q

What is the mechanism of action of azoles?

A

Inhibition of fungal cell membrane synthesis.

75
Q

What is a common side effect of antifungals?

A

Liver toxicity.

76
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common antifungal agent? A) Fluconazole B) Amoxicillin C) Metformin

A

A) Fluconazole.

77
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat viral infections?

A

Antivirals.

78
Q

What is a common side effect of antivirals?

A

Nausea.

79
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary mechanism of action of antiviral drugs is to inhibit ______.

A

viral replication.

80
Q

______________ are a drug class. They are widely used for their sedative, anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing), muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties.

A

benzodiazepines

AU 317 Patho/Pharm (5 decks)

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