Medication Cards Flashcards
1
Q
Gentamicin trade names (2)
A
garamycin or cidomycin
2
Q
gentamicin class
A
antiinfective
3
Q
gentamicin actions
A
bacterial death by interfering with protein synthesis
4
Q
gentamicin uses
A
Bacterial Meningitis, Bacterial sepsis of newborn, eye, bone, skin infection
5
Q
gentamicin contraindications
A
sensitivity to aminoglycosides
6
Q
gentamicin adverse effects
A
Oto toxicity, nephrotoxicity, itching, redness, swelling
7
Q
gentamicin black box warning
A
Toxicity – OTO and Nephro
8
Q
gentamicin max dose (IM)
A
5 mg/kg/day
9
Q
gentamicin nursing implications
A
Flush patient with fluids, watch for toxicity
10
Q
cefazolin trade name (2)
A
ancef or kefzol
11
Q
cefazolin class
A
antiinfective
12
Q
cefazolin action
A
1st generation cephalosporin antibiotic
13
Q
cefazolin uses
A
Infections: bone, skin, genital, pneumococcal pneumonia, UTI, Resp infections, endocarditis, used as pro-op medication, tx bacterial infections, staff infections, e-coli infections
14
Q
cefazolin contraindications
A
Allergy to PCN - caution
15
Q
cefazolin adverse effects
A
Purities, diarrhea, Leukopenia, Renal Failure
16
Q
cefazolin max dosage
A
12g/day
17
Q
cefazolin nursing implications
A
may have N/V
18
Q
cephalexin trade name
A
keflex
19
Q
cephalexin class
A
antiinfective, Antibiotic 1st generation cephalosporin
20
Q
cephalexin action
A
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis (cell wall osmolality)
21
Q
cephalexin uses
A
Pharyngitis, UTI, Resp infections, Ear infections, Impetigo
22
Q
cephalexin contraindications
A
hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants less than one month, renal disease, pregnancy (B)
23
Q
cephalexin adverse effects
A
N/V, diarrhea
24
Q
cephalexin max dosage
A
4g/day
25
cephalexin nursing implications
watch for diarrhea
26
amoxicillin trade name
amoxil
27
amoxicillin class (2)
antiinfective, antiulcer
28
amoxicillin action
interferes with cell wall replication, broad-spectrum antibiotic
29
amoxicillin uses
ENT infections, Gonorrhea, LRT infections, Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, H-Pylori – GI infections, Chlamydia, soft tissue infection
30
amoxicillin contraindications
careful in patient with Vit D deficiency, watch in patient allergic to PCN
31
amoxicillin adverse effects
Rash, N/V, HA
32
amoxicillin nursing implications
Watch with oral contraceptive, may decrease effects. May cause Vit K depletion
33
metronidazole trade name
flagyl
34
metronidazole class
antiinfective
35
metronidazole action
direct amebicide - binds and disrupts DNA structure
36
metronidazole uses
Abscesses, anaerobic infections, B, Meningitis, trichomoniasis
37
metronidazole contraindications
no alcohol
38
metronidazole adverse effects
Diarrhea, dizziness, H/A, N/V, abd discomfort
39
metronidazole black box warning
secondary malignancy - use only when indicated
40
metronidazole max dose (single dose)
2g
41
metronidazole nursing implications
watch for peripheral neuropathy
42
acetaminophen trade name
tylenol
43
acetaminophen class (2)
analgesic, non-opioid
44
acetaminophen actions
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS, works peripherally to block pain impulses, antipyresis
45
acetaminophen uses
pain and fever
46
acetaminophen contraindications
severe hepatic impairment, sever liver damage, use with caution in alcoholics
47
acetaminophen adverse effects
N/V, insomnia, lack of appetite, abd. pain
48
acetaminophen max dose
4g/day
49
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) trade name
aspirin
50
acetylsalicylic acid class (4)
analgesic, non-opioid, anti platelet agent, NSAID
51
acetylsalicylic acid action
inhibits cox 1 and 2 enzymes, formation of prostaglandins, platelet aggregation, anti-pyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory
52
acetylsalicylic acid uses
stent placement, a fib, post stroke, pain, swelling, arthritis, post CABG, rheumatic fever
53
acetylsalicylic acid contraindications
patients w/: asthma, rhinitis, nasal polyps in children, for viral infections
54
acetylsalicylic acid adverse effects
N/V, heart burn, GI bleeding, tinnitus, inc bleeding
55
acetylsalicylic acid black box
reyes syndrome in children
56
acetylsalicylic acid max dose (tab and supp)
tab - 500 mg, supp - 600 mg
57
acetylsalicylic acid nursing implications
watch for: inc blood, coffee ground-emesis, GI sx. do not crush extended release. foods with vit c may displace drug finding sites. give with food and water
58
ibuprofen trade name (2)
Advil (OTC), Motrin (rx)
59
ibuprofen class (2)
analgesic, NSAID
60
ibuprofen action
inhibits cox 1 and 2 enzymes, formation of prostaglandin, antipyretic/analgesic, anti-inflammatory
61
ibuprofen uses
RA, inflammatory diseases, mild-mod pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, osetoarthritis, menstrual pain, minor dental pain, joint/bone/muscle pain
62
ibuprofen contraindications
CABG surgery
63
ibuprofen adverse effects
platelet adhesion, comprised renal fx, antihypertensive, effect on BB, GI, heartburn, diarrhea, flatulence, chest discomfort, tinnitus, abd pain
64
ibuprofen black box warning
serious GI bleed, ulceration and perforation, MI, stroke
65
ibuprofen max dose
1,200mg/day
66
ibuprofen nursing implications
risk of MI, stroke, well hydrated patient, give with food/milk, educate pt on: tarry stools/headache/fever/chills/tarry emesis
67
diliatzem trade name
cardizem
68
diliatzem class (3)
anti-anginas, anti-arhythmic agent, ca channel blocker
69
diliatzem action
CCB-inhibits ca from entering vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization (CORONARY VASOLDILATION)
70
diliatzem uses
BP, CP, irregular HR, a fib, a flutter, DVST
71
diliatzem contraindications
sick-sinus syndrome, 2-3 AV block, bradycardia, hypotension
72
diliatzem adverse effects
DEC/irregular HR, flushing, HA, dizziness, tired, runny nose, hypotension, N/V
73
diliatzem max dosage
480mg/day
74
diliatzem nursing implications
do not crush (peripheral edema), must be used on an IV pump
75
furosemide trade name
lasix
76
furosemide class
loop diuretic
77
furosemide action
sulfonamide loop diuretic, anti-hypertensive, dec renal vascular resistance
78
furosemide uses
fluid elimination, HTN, heart failure pts
79
furosemide contraindications
patients with liver and pancreatic problems
80
furosemide adverse effects
HYPOtension, dizziness, arrhythmias, muscle contractions, fatigue, GI upset, HA
81
furosemide black box warning
k+ depletion, profound diuresis (watch electrolytes)
82
furosemide max dosage
80 mg
83
furosemide nursing implications
monitor k+ levels, should be on I/O, BS in diabetics, need salt free diet
84
nitroglycerine trade name
nitro-bid
85
nitroglycerine class (3)
anti-anginal, coronary vasodilator
86
nitroglycerine actions
rapid action VASODILATOR, dec pre-load and after-load
87
nitroglycerine uses
treat heart failure, HTN, chest pain
88
nitroglycerine contraindications
side effects? stop usage
89
nitroglycerine adverse effects
tolerance with continued use, nitrate free period during the day may be needed, HYPOtension, syncope, HA, dizziness, mouth tingling
90
nitroglycerine black box warning
DO NOT USE WITH viagra
91
nitroglycerine max dose
3 SL tabs
92
nitroglycerine nursing implications
evaluate for: HYPOtension, tachycardia. flushing sensation possible. w/spray avoid rinsing mouth
93
lisinopril trade name (2)
zestril or prinivil
94
lisinopril class (2)
anti-hypertensive, ACE inhibitor
95
lisinopril actions
DEC bp, improve hemodynamics
96
lisinopril uses
HTN, help fxn of heart after MI, heart failure
97
lisinopril contraindications
monitor diabetics, kidney failure pts
98
lisinopril adverse effects
dizziness, syncope, GI upset, HA, cough
99
lisinopril black box warning
pregnancy (D) 2nd and 3rd trimester
100
lisinopril max dosage
80 mg/day
101
lisinopril nursing implications
monitor BP and HR, watch for CHF/orthostatic HTN?edema of limbs
102
atenolol trade name
tenormin
103
atenolol class (3)
anti-hypertensive, anti-anginas, beta-blocker (beta 1)
104
atenolol action
completely blocks response to beta adregenic stimulation (selectively blocks beta 1 receptors)
105
atenolol uses
CP, HTN, post MI, a fib
106
atenolol contraindications
SB, sinus node infection, heart block, cardiogenic shock, pulm edema, uncompensated heart failure
107
atenolol adverse effects
dizziness, depression, SOB, feeling tired, bradycardia, weight gain, cardiac failure, cold extremities, AV block, hypotension, constipation, diarrhea, impotence, dyspnea
108
atenolol max dosage
100mg/day
109
atenolol nursing implications
take with food or w/o, may cause worse heart failure in elderly (CHF), beta blockers may alter glucose tolerance, taper dose for DC
110
metoprolol tartrate (IR) trade name
lopressor
111
metoprolol tartrate (IR) class (3)
anti-hypertensive, anti-anginas, beta-adrenergic agonist
112
metoprolol tartrate (IR) actions
effects beta 1 adrenoreceptors
113
metoprolol tartrate (IR) uses
HTN, CP, heart failure
114
metoprolol tartrate (IR) contraindications
bradycardia, cariogenic shock, HYPOtension, heart block, dec blood flow to limbs, alcohol
115
metoprolol tartrate (IR) adverse effects
bradycardia, HYPOtension, irregular HR, dizziness, confusion, feeling cold
116
metoprolol tartrate (IR) black box warning
do not stop suddenly can cause inc CP or MI
117
metoprolol tartrate (IR) max dosage
400 mg
118
metoprolol tartrate (IR) nursing implications
do not miss dose, if missed don't try to make it up
119
propranolol trade name
inderal
120
propranolol class (3)
anti-hypertensive, anti-anginal, beta-blocker
121
propranolol actions
depresses arrhythmias, beta blocker of cardiac and adrenoreceptors, inhibit cerebral vasodilation and arterial spasms
122
propranolol uses
MI mortality DEC, HTN, CP, migraines, tremors, pheochromocytoma, abnormal rhythms
123
propranolol contraindications
CHF, bradycardia, valve Dz, asthma, COPD, pulm edema
124
propranolol adverse effects
weak and tired, GI, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, HYPOtension
125
propranolol black box warning
renal impairment/hepatic, must be tapered off or ischemia of cardiac tissue
126
propranolol max dosage
320 mg
127
propranolol nursing implications
take on empty stomach, hemodynamic monitoring, watch BS for hypoglycemia
128
penicillin v trade name
pen-vk
129
penicillin v class
broad-spectrum antiinfective
130
penicillin v actions
interferes with cell wall replication
131
penicillin v uses
Animal Bites, UTI, Pneumococcal Resp infections, Joint infections, Strep infections, Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, Pneumonia, Mild skin infections, gram positive organisms
132
penicillin v contraindications
with ACE inhibitors – cause hyperkalemia
133
penicillin v adverse effects
N/V, diarrhea, bruising, bleeding, C-diff, elevated EFT
134
penicillin v max dosage
2,000 mg/day
135
penicillin v nursing implications
watch for diarrhea, no alcohol, monitor renal function, take on empty stomach
136
penicillin black box warning
Can cause anaphylaxis
137
Piperacillin + tazobactam trade name
zosyn
138
Piperacillin + tazobactam class
broad spectrum anti-infective
139
piperacillin and tazobactam actions
Inhibition bacterial wall synthesis
140
piperacillin and tazobactam uses
Pneumonia, GI track infections, UTI, Intra-abdominal infections, treat bacterial infections, E-Coli injections
141
piperacillin and tazobactam contraindications
Bleeding disorders, renal impairment, pts with leukemia-neutropenia, C-diff
142
Piperacillin + tazobactam
adverse effects
N/V, diarrhea, bruising, bleeding, dizziness, hypotension, vasodilation, tachycardia,
143
Piperacillin + tazobactam
nursing implications
watch for diarrhea, may mask symptoms of syphilis in pts treated for gonorrhea, Monitor labs – BUN, CR, CBC, watch for bleeding,
144
Piperacillin + tazobactam black box warning
Can cause anaphylaxis
145
Piperacillin + tazobactam max dosage
24g/day
146
Tetracycline trade name
Ala-Tet: Panmvcin; Declomycin
147
Tetracycline class
broad spectrum antiinfective
148
Tetracycline actions
inhibition bacterial wall synthesis, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
149
Tetracycline uses
UTI, Acne, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Cystitis, PID
150
Tetracycline contraindications
Bleeding disorders, renal impairment, makes birth control less effective
151
Tetracycline adverse effects
N/V, diarrhea, bruising, bleeding, H/A, fever, decrease appetite, weakness, jaundice
152
tetracycline nursing implications
watch for diarrhea, Do not take multivits-iron, CA or antacids or laxatives 2 hrs before or after, no milk – makes it harder to absorb, watch renal and hepatic function
153
tetracycline black box warning
Watch for photosensitivity
154
tetracycline max dose
500 mg
155
vancomycin trade name
vancocin HLC
156
vancomycin class
antiinfective
157
vancomycin actions
Inhibition bacterial wall synthesis, 1st line of treatment for blood stream infections
158
vancomycin uses
UTI, C-Diff, Pneumonia, Bacterial infections, peritonitis, Enterocolitis, Infections of intestines
159
vancomycin contraindications
Bleeding disorders, renal impairment, may cause thrombophlebitis
160
vancomycin adverse effects
N/V, diarrhea, bruising, bleeding, H/A, fever, decrease appetite, weakness, jaundice, ringing in ears, buzzing sound, bitter taste, kidney injury, swelling, weight gain, confusion, irregular HR, decrease BP
161
vancomycin nursing implications
watch for diarrhea, watch renal and hepatic function, check BP, don’t take cough and cold medicine, no laxatives, give after dialysis
162
vancomycin black box warning
Watch for nephrotoxicity
163
vancomycin max dosage
2g/day
164
azithromycin trade name
zithromax
165
azithromycin class
antiinfective
166
azithromycin actions
type of macrolide antibiotic, decreases production of protein thus stopping bacterial growth
167
azithromycin uses
pper Resp Infections, Ear, Skin, Strep Throat, Sexually transmitted diseases, Legionella Dz, Lime Dz, Bronchitis
168
azithromycin contraindications
Renal impairment, jaundice in liver injury patients, Prolonged QT interval, caution in pts with Myasthenia gravis, Watch taking of blood thinners
169
azithromycin adverse effects
N/V, diarrhea, bruising, bleeding, H/A, fever, decrease appetite, weakness, increase HR, Flu like symptoms
170
azithromycin nursing implications
watch for diarrhea, Do not take multivits-iron, CA or antacids or laxatives 2 hrs before or after, no milk – makes it harder to absorb, watch renal and hepatic function, alters K+ absorbtion
171
azithromycin max dosage
2g/day
172
Albuterol Sulfate trade name
Ventolin or Proventil HFA
173
Albuterol Sulfate class
bronchodilator
174
Albuterol Sulfate actions
Works in the airways opening breathing passages and relaxing muscles. Increases air flow to the lungs
175
Albuterol Sulfate uses
Wheezing and SOB, Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Emphysema. Used to treat and prevent bronchospasm
176
Albuterol Sulfate contraindications
Take with caution in HTN, Diabetes, or Seizure disorders. Caution with driving
177
Albuterol Sulfate adverse effects
Nervousness, shaking, tremors, H/A, dizziness, increase BP, increased HR, Chest Pain, pounding in chest, feeling tired, loss of appitite
178
Albuterol Sulfate nursing implications
Monitor BP, O2 Sats, Respirations, Listen to lungs, watch peak pressures
179
Aminophylline trade name
none
180
Aminophylline class (2)
anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator
181
Aminophylline action
A solubilized form of theophylline; a diuretic, vasodilator, and cardiac stimulant; bronchodilator in asthma
182
Aminophylline uses
Treat symptoms/blockage of airway due to asthma, emphysema or bronchitis. Relaxes the smooth muscle surrounding the bronchial tubes of lungs, allowing tubes to widen, making breathing easier. Improves contraction of diaphragm.
183
Aminophylline contraindications
Use with caution in Cardiac patients, HTN, seizures
184
Aminophylline adverse effects
Lightheadedness, dizziness, H/A, tremors, shaking, rapid, pounding pulse, increased HR, vomiting, chest discomfort.
185
Aminophylline nursing implications
Monitor Blood levels 10 to 20 mcg/mL are considered therapeutic, greater than 20 mcg/mL are associated with greater toxicity, Monitor HR, BP, lungs, O2 sats, monitor for seizures, should be on a cardiac monitor watch for V-tach, watch for hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia
186
aminophylline black box warning
Monitor therapeutic levels – toxemia can occur
187
aminophylline max dosage
90mg/day
188
Dexamethasone trade name
decadron
189
Dexamethasone class (2)
Corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). Anti-inflamatory
190
Dexamethasone actions
Decreases body's natural defensive response, reduces symptoms
of swelling and allergic-type reactions, prevent nausea and vomiting.
191
Dexamethasone uses
Arthritis, blood/hormone/immune system disorders, Skin and Eye conditions, Breathing Problems, adrenal gland disorder (Cushing's syndrome). Sever Allergic reactions
192
Dexamethasone contraindications
Any infections, Kidney dz, low minerals, Thyroid Dz, Stomach or intestinal problems
193
Dexamethasone adverse effects
Stomach upset. H/A, dizziness, menstrual changes, trouble sleeping, increased appetite, or weight gain
194
Dexamethasone nursing implications
Take with food or milk to prevent stomach upset, Signs of infection
195
Dexamethasone black box warning
May mask signs of infection or put you at greater risk of developing very serious infections.
gradually discontinued over 5-7 days
196
Phenytoin trade name
dilantin
197
Phenytoin class (2)
Anti-seizure medication, Anticonvulsant
198
Phenytoin actions
Slowing down impulses in the brain that cause seizures.
199
Phenytoin uses
Seizure disorders, Status Epilepticus
200
Phenytoin contraindications
May cause suicidal thoughts, Caution in Liver Dz.
201
Phenytoin adverse effects
Drowsiness, Fatigue, Irritability, H/A, Restlessness, Slurred speech, Nervousness, Nystagmus, Dizziness, Vertigo
202
phenytoin nursing implications
Watch for Nephrotoxicity, monitor BP, watch for seizures,
203
phenytoin black box warning
Must monitor Blood Drug levels. Do not stop taking suddenly. Must wean off.
204
phenytoin max dosage
300-400mg/day
205
Phenobarbital trade name (2)
Luminal; Solfoton
206
Phenobarbital (3)
anticonvulsant, epilepsy, barbiturate
207
Phenobarbital actions
nonselective central nervous system depressant which is primarily used as a sedative hypnotic and also as an anticonvulsant in subhypnotic doses.
208
Phenobarbital uses
Epilepsy, Seizures, Drug OD- prevent seizures, sleeplessness, the relief of anxiety, tension, and fear,
209
Phenobarbital contraindications
adrenal disease such as Addison's disease, liver problems, kidney problems, lung disease
210
Phenobarbital adverse effects
restless muscle movements in your eyes, tongue, jaw, or neck, slow heartbeat, shallow breathing,
feeling light-headed, fainting, a fever or a sore throat, sores in your mouth, easy bruising or bleeding.
211
Phenobarbital nursing implications
Monitor for CNS depression
212
phenobarbital black box warning
Phenobarbital may decrease the potency of coumarin anticoagulants;
213
phenobarbital max dosage
120 mg/day
214
which medications are high alert drugs (2)
phenobarbital, diltiazem
