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N254A > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the ____ by _____

A

arterial walls by circulating blood

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2
Q

BP is measured by ____/____ and ____/____ methods

A

indirect/non-invasive and direct/invasive methods

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3
Q

the indirect/non-invasive method is

A

manual BP

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4
Q

the direct/invasive method is

A

arterial catheter BP

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5
Q

1 positive and 1 negative of arterial catheter BP

A

+ = more accurate, - = potential source for infection

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6
Q

normal BP = ___/__

A

less than 120/80

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7
Q

HTN = ___/___

A

140/90 or higher

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8
Q

to diagnose someone w HTN you must have

A

3 different high readings at three different times

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9
Q

hypotensive BP = ___/___

A

80 or less

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10
Q

when taking a manual BP try to avoid an arm with

A

injury or IV site

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11
Q

the ___ arm is preferable for manual BP because..

A

R arm, because the R brachial artery has its own blood supply

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12
Q

place the BP cuff midway between the ___ and ___

A

shoulder (acromion process) and elbow (olecranon process)

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13
Q

if the cuff is too large you will get a…

A

falsely low reading

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14
Q

if the cuff is too small you will get a…

A

falsely high reading

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15
Q

the _____ on the cuff should be over the brachial artery

A

artery marker

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16
Q

systole is the ____ sound you hear when taking BP

A

first

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17
Q

diastole is when you…

A

can’t hear the heart beat anymore or it is dramatically quieter (3rd korotkoff sound)

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18
Q

pump to about ____ after the last sound

A

10-20 mm/Hg

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19
Q

deflate the cuff at a rate of

A

2-3 mm/Hg per sec

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20
Q

wait ____ between readings or they will be falsely high

A

2 min

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21
Q

infection is the growth of a ____ in body tissue where they are _____

A

microorganism in the body tissue where they are not usually found

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22
Q

nosocomial infections are acquired in ___ and ____

A

hospitals and other HC facilities

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23
Q

with a nosocomial infection the pt is admitted for

A

a reason other than the infection

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24
Q

___ out of every ___ pts will acquire a nosocomial infection

A

9.2 out of every 100

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25
Q

patients with nosocomial infections stay ___ longer than pts with similar characteristics

A

2.5

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26
Q

____ will die of nosocomial infections each year

A

80,000

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27
Q

nosocomials will occur ___ hrs post admission

A

48 hrs post admission

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28
Q

nosocomials occur ____ post DC

A

3 days post DC

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29
Q

nosocomials occur ___ post op

A

30 days post opp

30
Q

___ are the most common nosocomial in the US

A

UTIs

31
Q

3 other types of nosocomial infections

A
  1. surgical site infection
  2. blood stream infection
  3. pneumonia
32
Q

40% of nosocomials are caused by

A

poor hand hygiene

33
Q

3 hospital personnel causes of HAIs

A
  1. neckties
  2. HC providers mouths
  3. stethoscopes
34
Q

list the 6 steps in the chain of infection

A
  1. susceptible host
  2. micro-organism
  3. reservoir/source
  4. port of exit
  5. means of transportation
  6. port of entry
35
Q

3 types of patients at INC risk of nosocomials

A
  1. ICU (20.6% acquire HAIs)
  2. patients w compromised immune function
  3. pt undergoing invasive procedures
36
Q

6 sx of nosocomial infection

A
  1. inflammation
  2. discharge
  3. fever
  4. abscesses
  5. pain/irritation
  6. rash/redness
37
Q

asepsis is considered

A

sterile

38
Q

asepsis is a ___ not a ____

A

procedure, not a state

39
Q

asepsis is ___ from ____

A

free from disease causing contaminants

40
Q

asepsis can also be a ____ of ____ with ____

A

prevention of contact with microorganisms

41
Q

aseptic technique includes ____, ____, ___, ___

A

sterile gloves, gowns, masks, drapes

42
Q

clean means free from

A

dirt, marks, stains

43
Q

clean involves reducing ____ to ____

A

reducing microorganisms to minimize the risk of transmission

44
Q

clean uses __ and __

A

gloves and hand hygiene

45
Q

___ is the most effective infection/prevention treatment method

A

hand washing

46
Q

3 times you don’t use alcohol based gel

A
  1. if you haven’t already used soap and water
  2. if there is visible dirt/blood/debris
  3. if the pt has c diff
47
Q

glove cuffs go

A

over the sleeves of the gown

48
Q

surgical mask is used to maintain

A

or protect a sterile field

49
Q

surgical masks are only effective if ___ and should not be ____

A

worn correctly and should not be reused

50
Q

order of putting on PPE

A
  1. gown
  2. mask
  3. goggles
  4. gloves
51
Q

order of doffing PPE

A
  1. gloves
  2. eyewear (at ear pieces)
  3. gown (untie and ball up)
  4. mask (bottom then top strings)
52
Q

use ____ with all patients

A

standard precautions

53
Q

standard precautions include

A

gloves and handwashing

54
Q

3 types of transmission precautions

A
  1. airborne
  2. droplet
  3. contact
55
Q

airborne is ___ droplets and ___ distances

A

small droplets, long distances

56
Q

droplet is ____ droplets and ___ distances

A

large droplets, short distances

57
Q

contact is ___ or ___ and by

A

direct or indirect and by touch

58
Q

in droplet you use ___ PPE

A

all

59
Q

in contact you ___ and use ___ and ___

A

wash your hands and use a gown and gloves

60
Q

in airborne you have a ___ room

A

neg. pressure, AIIR respirator

61
Q

you dispose of PPE in the

A

room

62
Q

suspect c. diff with

A

3+ unformed stools per day

63
Q

with c. diff you should clean all surfaces in the patients room

A

daily with bleach

64
Q

c. diff causes ____ HAI a year

A

500,000

65
Q

c. diff has ____ recurrences

A

83,000

66
Q

c. diff causes __ deaths a year within 30 days

A

29,000

67
Q

risk of c. diff inc with ___ and ____

A

hospitalized pts and incorrect antibiotics

68
Q

MRSA occurs in hospitals with ___ and ____

A

invasive procedures and IV start sites

69
Q

MRSA is ____ and spreads via ____

A

contagious and spreads via contact

70
Q

MRSA signs are ___, ___, and ____

A

red bumps, pain, and abscess

N254A (8 decks)

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