Medication Administration COPY Flashcards
Medical Asepsis
Practice of preventing contamination of the patient by using aseptic technique
Sterile
Destruction of all living organisms using heat, gas, or chemicals
Antiseptics
Cleans an area before performing invasive procedure such as an IV
Disinfectnts
Toxic to living tissues and are used to clean objects or inside ambulance
Cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer important to fluid movement and acid base balance and has selective permeability which is the ability to allow certain compounds into the cell based on the cells needs
Total Body Water of human
60%
Intracellular Fluid
45% of fluid
Extracellular Fluid
15% of fluid
10% interstitial and 5% intravascular
Solvent
Fluid that does the dissolving
Ex: water
Solute
Dissolved particles in solvent
Ex: salt in water
Electrolytes
Inorganic molecules and named so because of their ability to conduct electricity when they dissociate in water
-Also called ions
Cations of body
Positive charge:
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
Anions of body
Negative charge:
Bicarbonate, Chloride, phosphrous
Measurement for electrolytes
mEq
Potassium
98% found within cells
Principal intracellular cation helps convert glucose to glycogen
Cellular potassium levels are regulated by insulin
NaK pump helped by epinephrine and insulin
Calcium
Important in functioning of heart, muscle and nerves and cell membranes
Hypocalcemia: leads to over stimulation of nerve cells, leading to cramps
Hypercalcemia: skeletal muscle weakness, lethargy, ataxia
Magnesium and Calcium
Control neuromuscular irritability
Phosphrous
Important with ATP of body and is powerful energy source
Diffusion
Compounds on one side of a cell membrane move across it to an area of lower concentration
Filtration
Used by kidneys to clean blood
Active Transport
Sodium Potassium pump uses energy to move particles across a membrane
Glucose
Follows potassium
Osmosis
Movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute to an area of high solute
Dehydration
Inadequate total systemic blood Volume. As fluid is lost from vascular space, fluid is shifted from interstitial to intravascular and also shifts from intracellular to extracellular.
Signs: tachypnea, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, flushed, dry skin, orthostatic hypotension
Overhydration
Total body volume increases and fluid fills vascular compartment, filters into interstitial and into the intracellular compartment
Signs: puffy eyelids, polyuria, moist crackles, Edema, weight gain
Crystalloid Solutions
Dissolved crystals (salts or sugars) in water
Great ability to cross membrane and alter fluid levels
3:1 ratio is 3ml of fluid per 1ml of blood lost to replace fluid
-Too much can dilute remaining blood diluting proportion of hemoglobin in vascular space
Colloid Solutions
Contain molecules (proteins) that are too large to pass out of capillary membrane and remain in vascular space. They also draw fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments. -work well in reducing pulmonary and cerebral edema
Lactate Ringers
Used in field for patients who have lost large amounts of blood
-lactate is metabolized in the liver to form bicarbonate and used as a buffer
