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PNP Midterm > Medication Administration Ch. 31 > Flashcards

Medication Administration Ch. 31 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 factors are involved in a medication name?

A

Chemical: exact description of the composition
Generic: manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name (acetaminophen)
Trade (brand): the name under which a manufacturer markets it (Tylenol)

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2
Q

Explain the classification of a medication

A

Effect of the med on body system

symptoms it relieves

Desired effect

ex. Antipyretic, antihistamine, antibiotic

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3
Q

What is the “medication form”?

A

Route of administration

ex. Solid, liquid, topical, parenteral

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4
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of how meds enter the body, reach the site of action, metabolize, and exit the body

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5
Q

Explain the steps of pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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6
Q

What is the primary body organ involved in biotransformation?

Excretion?

A

Liver

Kidneys

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7
Q

Explain biotransformation

A

The body’s enzymes breaking down the medication

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8
Q

DEFINE:
Therapeutic Effect
Adverse Effect
Side Effect
Toxic Effect
Idiosyncratic Reaction

A

Therapeutic effect: expected/predicted physiological response to a med

Adverse Effect: unintended/unpredictable

Side Effect: Predictable, unavoidable secondary effect

Toxic Effect: Accumulation of med. in bloodstream

Idiosyncratic Reaction: Overreaction/underreaction or different reaction than normal

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9
Q

DEFINE:
MEC
Therapeutic Range
Peak
Trough
Biological Half-Life

A

MEC: Minimum Effective Concentration: lowest plasma level of a med to have the desired effect

Therapeutic range: between MEC and Toxic concentration- serum concentration range of the med working properly

Peak: highest serum level

Trough: lowest serum level- measured 30 mins before giving the next dose

Biological Half-Life: time it takes for excretion process to lower the serum med. concentration by half

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10
Q

Explain medication interactions

A

One med modifies the action of another, either diminishes or amplifies

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11
Q

Explain Medication Tolerance

A

more meds are required to achieve the same therapeutic effect

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12
Q

What type of meds should never be administered with an NG tube?

A

Enteric coated, sublingual, sustained release, extended release

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13
Q

What are the 4 major sites of parenteral medication routes?

A

ID= Intradermal
SQ= Subcutaneous
IM= Intramuscular
IV= Intravenous

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14
Q

What 2 parenteral med routes are usually limited to physicians?

A

Intracardiac
Intraarticular

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15
Q

What is the rebound effect os nasal medication?

A

Worse congestion after stopping suddenly or after taking the nasal spray for too long

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16
Q

Where should eye meds be administered?

A

Into the conjunctival sac (inside lower eyelid

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17
Q

How does eardrop administration differ between adults and children?

A

Adults= pull ear up and back
Children= pull ear down

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18
Q

What are some basic principles of eardrop administration?

A

-Instill at room temp (cold hurts)
-Sterile solutions only
-Check w/ providor for eardrum rupture if ear has drainage
-Never occlude the ear canal

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19
Q

How should a patient be positioned for a rectal suppository?

A

On left side (follows colon shape)

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20
Q

What are contraindications of a rectal suppository?

A

Heart issues/black= vagus nerve risk

Recent rectal surgey

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of inhalation medication?

A

pMDI (MDI): pressurized metered-dose inhalers

BAI: breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers

DPI: Dry powder inhalers

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22
Q

Why are BAI inhalers less common?

A

Require strong deep breath from the patient

23
Q

Which type of inhalation med delivers the most med. to the lungs?

24
Q

What is the purpose of a spacer regarding inhalation medication?

A

Traps medication in air tube so that the patient can take multiple breaths to get the dose

25
What is the hardest to prepare but easiest to inhale medication?
Nebulizer
26
What are some rules regarding the metric system in med. measurement?
Meter, Liter, gram Never use a trailing 0
27
Define Medication Error What are the steps necessary if a med error occurs?
Any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use or jeopardize patient safety Assess patient condition, notify provider Report the incident to authority when patient is stable File an incidence report Report near-misses and incidents, even if they cause no harm
28
Explain: "Never events"
Things that should NEVER happen, such as a sponge being left in a surgical wound
29
List the types of med orders
Standing orders/routine med orders PRN orders (as needed) Single (one-time) orders STAT orders (RIGHT NOW) Now orders (within 90 min) Prescriptions
30
List the 7 Med Rights when are the 3 checks completed?
Med Rights: 1. Right patient 2. Right medication 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time 6. Right indication 7. Right documentation (check expiration date once) 3 Checks: 1. After pulling the medication 2. After preparing the medication 3. At the patient's bedside
31
Define DOSE
The ordered amount on MAR
32
Define Supply
What the pharmacy sends/how the med is packaged- concentration of the med in g/mL
33
Define Volume
The amount YOU calculate (based on supply and dose) to actually give to the patient
34
What are blunt-tip needles used for?
To draw up medications, not for skin injection
35
List the hypodermic needles, from 18-25 gauge List their lengths
18 gauge, 1.5 inch 21 gauge, 1.5 inch 22 gauge, 1.5 inch 23 gauge, 1 inch 25 gauge, 5/8 inch (smallest)
36
Explain preparation of an injection from an Ampule
Snap off ampule neck aspirate medication into syringe using a FILTER NEEDLE Replace filter needle with an appropriate sized needle/device Administer injection
37
Explain preparation of an injection from a vial
Inject air into vial first (same mL of air as the dose), then pull up medication
38
Explain how to mix meds from an ampule and a vial
Prep med from the vial first, use same syringe and filter needle to withdraw med from ample next
39
what's important to remember when mixing meds from 2 vials?
DO NOT CONTAMINATE ONE MED WITH ANOTHER
40
What should you do if there is mediation contamination while mixing meds?
File incidence report, dispose of everything, start over
41
How are insulin doses measured?
Units 100-Unit syringe or an insulin pen with U-100 insulin
42
What type of insulin can never be given IV?
NPH
43
What should you do while preparing an insulin injection?
Verify insulin doses with another nurse
44
At what angles should each injection method be done? (excluding IV)
IM= 90 degrees SQ= 45 degrees, maybe 90 if they're fat enough to pinch 2 inches ID=15 degrees, with bevel facing up
45
Explain IM injections
Faster absorption than SQ 90 degree angle needle tailored to patient, usually 23 gauge, 1.5 inches
46
What should be done immediately after injecting the needle for an IM injection?
Aspirate (withdraw) a tiny bit to see if blood enters syringe (means you hit a vessel)
47
What mL (in adults) becomes too much for IM absorption?
4-5 mL are pushing how much a muscle can absorb
48
List the IM Injection sites
VENTROGLUTEAL site - gluteus medius (preferred and safest for everyone) VASTUS LATERALIS Common for infants/toddlers/children for vaccines used for everyone pinching muscle helps if there is low muscle tone DELTOID -not well developed- most likely to cause injury- assess muscle mass -less than 2 mL volume
49
Explain the Z-track method
Using the ulnar side of the hand to pull skin taut while giving an IM injection, to ensure the entry wound does not line up with the injection site after the hand is released minimized irritation, med flowing upward into subcutaneous tissue/skin
50
Explain ID injections
Intradermal -used for TB/allergy skin tests -Slow absorption due to lower blood supply in dermis -Use TUBERCULIN or SMALL HYPODERMIC SYRINGE for skin test -5-15 degree angle of insertion -Keep bevel pointed upwards -Small bleb will form
51
What method is used to cap needles with one hand?
One hand scoop
52
Blunt tip needles must be capped when…?
doing anything other than using the needle
53

PNP Midterm (6 decks)

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