Medication Administration Flashcards

Medication

1
Q

Absorption

A

Medication molecules pass into the blood stream from the site of medication administration

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2
Q

Most rapid Absorption of medication

A

IV

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3
Q

Distribution of medication

A

Distribution to body tissues and organs

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4
Q

Metabolism of medication

A

After medication is at the site of action it is broken down to active and inactive forms

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5
Q

What body organs are responsible for medication excretion

A
Medication exit the body through the
 kidney
 liver 
bowel
Lungs 
Exocrine glands
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6
Q

Therapeutic effect of medication

A

Expected or predicted physiological response caused by medications

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7
Q

Adverse effects of medication

A

Undesired or unintended and often unpredictable response to medications

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8
Q

Side effects of medication

A

Predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect

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9
Q

Toxic effect

A

Develop after prolonged intake of medications or when medications accumulate in blood because of impaired metabolism

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10
Q

Idiosyncratic

A

Unpredictable effect. Patients underreacts or overreacts to a medication different from normal

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11
Q

Allergic reactions

A

Unpredictable response to medication

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12
Q

Synergistic

A

When two medications combine effect greater than one medication

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13
Q

Routes of med administration

A

Oral, buccal, sublingual
Parenteral(subq, IM , IV, ID)
Topical
Inhalation

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14
Q

Factors to consider when choosing routes of med administration

A
Ability to swallow 
Level of consciousness 
Surgery 
Taste 
Rate of Absorption 
Tissue damage risk
Infection exposure 
Cost of the medication 
Medication concentration 
Local reaction
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15
Q

Essential parts of drug order

A
  • Superscription - patients name
  • Date and time the order was written
  • Name of practitioner
  • Rx.
  • Inscription- drug name dose and strength
  • Time and frequency of administration
  • Signature of health care provider
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16
Q

Types of drug orders

A

Telephone order(Read it loud to verify)
Verbal order
Written order

17
Q

Standing orders

A

Carried out until the health care provider cancels it by another order or prescribed number of days lapse

18
Q

prn orders

A

Given only when the patient requires it

19
Q

Stat orders

A

Single dose to be given immediately

20
Q

Now orders

A

Quickly but not right away

21
Q

Ways to apply Topical medications

A

Insertion of medication into body cavity eg suppository
Direct application of a liquid or ointment eg eyedrops
Instillation of liquid into body cavity eg eye drops
Irrigation of body cavity eg flushing eyes or ears
Spraying meditation into a body cavity

22
Q

Medication errors

A
Inaccurate prescribing 
Administration of wrong medication 
Wrong route,  time or interval
Extra dosage
Failure to administer a medication
23
Q

Steps to take to prevent medication errors

A
  • Prepare meditation for only one patient at a time
  • Follow six rights of medication
  • Read and compare labels three times before administration of medication
  • Don’t allow any other activity to interrupt administration of medication
  • Do not interpret illegible handwriting clarify with health care provider
  • Questions unusually large or small doses
  • Document all medications as soon as they are given
  • Reflection of what went wrong after an error
  • Evaluate the context or situation in which medication error occurred
  • In service training
  • Rest before caring for patients
  • Educate patients
24
Q

Parenteral administration

A
  1. Intradermal (ID) Injections into dermis under the epidermis
  2. Subcutaneous. Injection into tissue below the dermis of the tissue
  3. Intramuscular(IM). Injection to muscle
    4> Intravenous. (IV) Injections to vein
25
Intraosseous
Infusion of the medication directly into the bone marrow
26
Medication administration Technologies to help reduce Medication errors and accuracy
Computerized Prescription Order Entry CPOE Automated Medication Dispenser AMDs Bar-code Medication Administration BCMA
27
Guidelines for Telephone/verbal order
* Only done by authorized staff * Identify the patients name room number and diagnosis * Read back all the orders to the healthcare provider * Clarify to reduce misunderstanding * Write TO or VO with date time date and name of the patient * Follow agency policy on documentation * Health care sign the order usually within 24hrs
28
When should you report medication errors
Report all medication errors that reach the patient
29
Patients rights
-Right to be informed of the name purpose and potential undesired effects of the medication -Refuse medication -Have qualified nurse/physician -Advised on experimental nature of medication -Receive labelled medication safely -Receive appropriate supportive therapy -Be informed if medication are for research study -
30
Nursing assessment before administering medication
* Diet history * Patients perceptual or coordination problems * patients current condition * patient attitude about medication use
31
Who should check all medication orders
Nurses and Pharmacists