Medication Administration Flashcards
Medication
Absorption
Medication molecules pass into the blood stream from the site of medication administration
Most rapid Absorption of medication
IV
Distribution of medication
Distribution to body tissues and organs
Metabolism of medication
After medication is at the site of action it is broken down to active and inactive forms
What body organs are responsible for medication excretion
Medication exit the body through the kidney liver bowel Lungs Exocrine glands
Therapeutic effect of medication
Expected or predicted physiological response caused by medications
Adverse effects of medication
Undesired or unintended and often unpredictable response to medications
Side effects of medication
Predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect
Toxic effect
Develop after prolonged intake of medications or when medications accumulate in blood because of impaired metabolism
Idiosyncratic
Unpredictable effect. Patients underreacts or overreacts to a medication different from normal
Allergic reactions
Unpredictable response to medication
Synergistic
When two medications combine effect greater than one medication
Routes of med administration
Oral, buccal, sublingual
Parenteral(subq, IM , IV, ID)
Topical
Inhalation
Factors to consider when choosing routes of med administration
Ability to swallow Level of consciousness Surgery Taste Rate of Absorption Tissue damage risk Infection exposure Cost of the medication Medication concentration Local reaction
Essential parts of drug order
- Superscription - patients name
- Date and time the order was written
- Name of practitioner
- Rx.
- Inscription- drug name dose and strength
- Time and frequency of administration
- Signature of health care provider
Types of drug orders
Telephone order(Read it loud to verify)
Verbal order
Written order
Standing orders
Carried out until the health care provider cancels it by another order or prescribed number of days lapse
prn orders
Given only when the patient requires it
Stat orders
Single dose to be given immediately
Now orders
Quickly but not right away
Ways to apply Topical medications
Insertion of medication into body cavity eg suppository
Direct application of a liquid or ointment eg eyedrops
Instillation of liquid into body cavity eg eye drops
Irrigation of body cavity eg flushing eyes or ears
Spraying meditation into a body cavity
Medication errors
Inaccurate prescribing Administration of wrong medication Wrong route, time or interval Extra dosage Failure to administer a medication
Steps to take to prevent medication errors
- Prepare meditation for only one patient at a time
- Follow six rights of medication
- Read and compare labels three times before administration of medication
- Don’t allow any other activity to interrupt administration of medication
- Do not interpret illegible handwriting clarify with health care provider
- Questions unusually large or small doses
- Document all medications as soon as they are given
- Reflection of what went wrong after an error
- Evaluate the context or situation in which medication error occurred
- In service training
- Rest before caring for patients
- Educate patients
Parenteral administration
- Intradermal (ID) Injections into dermis under the epidermis
- Subcutaneous. Injection into tissue below the dermis of the tissue
- Intramuscular(IM). Injection to muscle
4> Intravenous. (IV) Injections to vein
Intraosseous
Infusion of the medication directly into the bone marrow
Medication administration Technologies to help reduce Medication errors and accuracy
Computerized Prescription Order Entry CPOE
Automated Medication Dispenser AMDs
Bar-code Medication Administration BCMA
Guidelines for Telephone/verbal order
- Only done by authorized staff
- Identify the patients name room number and diagnosis
- Read back all the orders to the healthcare provider
- Clarify to reduce misunderstanding
- Write TO or VO with date time date and name of the patient
- Follow agency policy on documentation
- Health care sign the order usually within 24hrs
When should you report medication errors
Report all medication errors that reach the patient
Patients rights
-Right to be informed of the name purpose and potential undesired effects of the medication
-Refuse medication
-Have qualified nurse/physician
-Advised on experimental nature of medication
-Receive labelled medication safely
-Receive appropriate supportive therapy
-Be informed if medication are for research study
-
Nursing assessment before administering medication
- Diet history
- Patients perceptual or coordination problems
- patients current condition
- patient attitude about medication use
Who should check all medication orders
Nurses and Pharmacists
