Medication Administration Flashcards
Absorption
Occurs on medication molecules, pass into the blood from the site of medication administration.
Adverse effects
Undesired, unintended and often unpredictable causes from medication
Anaphylactic reactions
Life-threatening is characterized by sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shortness of breath
Biological half-life
how long it takes for half of the dose to be metabolized and eliminated from the bloodstream
Biotransformation
The process by which substances that enter, the body are changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic molecules to facilitate illumination from the body(excrete)
Buccal
Lining of cheek
Detoxify
Break down and removal of biologically, active chemicals
Idiosyncratic reaction
When a patient overreacts or under reacts to a medication or has a reaction different from normal
Infusion
A method of putting fluids, including drugs into the bloodstream
Injection
Enters the bloodstream
Instillation
Fluid that is retained
Intraarticular
An injection of medication into a joint to relieve pain (knee)
Intracardiac
Injection of medication directly into cardiac tissue (directly into heart, muscles or ventricles)
Intrdermal(injection)
Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis (surface of forearm,tb)
Intramuscular(injection)
Injection into a muscle
Intraocular
Involves inserting a medication, similar to a contact lens into a patient eye
Intravenous(IV) (injection)
Injection into a vein
Irrigations
Medication allergy
The medication or chemical acts as an antigen, triggering the release of the antibodies in the body
Medication error
Medication tolerance
Occurs overtime usually noted clinically when patient receive more and more medication(higher doses) to achieve the same therapeutic effect
Medication reconciliation
Nurses pharmacist, another healthcare providers compare the medication that the patient is taking currently with the patient should be taking annually, ordered medication
Medication tolerance
This occurs overtime
Usually noted clinically when patient receives more and more medication or higher dose, to achieve the same therapeutic affect
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
the lower level of a drug in the body that will still be effective
Ophthalmic
Parenteral administration
Involves injecting a medication to body tissues
Peak
Time it takes for medication to reach its highest effective concentration
Drawn 1 hour after meds is finished
Pharmacokinetics
The study of how medication, enter the body, reach their side of action, metabolize, and exit the body
Polypharmacy
Prescriptions
Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs)
Side effects
Add predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at the usual therapeutic dose
Solution
A liquid containing a dissolved substance
Subcutaneous(injection)
Injection into tissues, just below the dermis of the skin (arm, belly, buttocks, upper legs)
Sublingual
Is when you have to instruct patients not to swallow medication, given by sublingual route, or drink anything until the medication is completely dissolved, ensure that the medication will have its desired effect(medication that is provided to patient that goes under the tongue)
Synergistic effect
When to medication’s are combined, and their effect is greater than the effect of the medication when they were given separately
Therapeutic effect
Is expected or predicted physiological response caused by medication
Therapeutic range
A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective. The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is.
falls between MEC and the toxic concentration
Toxic affects
Accumulation of medication, bloodstream
Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects
Transdermal disk
Is absorbed through the skin and affect the. client throughout their body much like taking a pill affects the client.
Through
Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reach just before the next scheduled dose
(Drawn right before medication is administered -30 mins before)
Verbal order
Z -track method
Onset of medication, action
Time it takes after you administer medication for it to produce a therapeutic effect
Duration of action
Length of time, during which medication is present in a concentration gradient enough to produce a therapeutic effect
Plateau
Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated fix doses
Allergic reaction
Unpredictable response to medication
Dysphasia
Inability to swallow
What are four major methods of injection?
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular (deltoid)
Intravenous
What are the seven rights to medication administration?
The right patient
The right medication
The right dose
The right route
The right time
The right documentation
The right indication
Oral administration
Easiest and most desirable route
Food sometimes affects absorption
installation (eye)
Avoid cornea
Avoid touching the eyelids with droppers or tubes to decrease the risk or infection
Use only on affected eye
Intraocular instillation
Teach patient how to insert and remove the disk (contacts)
Ear instillation
Instill ear drops at room temperature
Check ear drum for rupture if patient has ear drainage
Parenteral medication equipment
Syringes
Luer-lok (twist needle on)
Non-luer-lok(slip needle on)
Parenteral medications needle parts
Hub
Shaft
Bevel
Needle gauge and length
Intramuscular injection
Needle length 5/8 inch-1 1/2 inch
Needle gauge: 22-25
Subcutaneous injection
Needle length 1/8 inch -5/8 inch
Needle gauge 25-27
Intradermal injection
Needle length 1/2 inch - 5/8 inch
Needle gauge 25-27
Parenteral medication’s – ampule
Preparing injection for an Ampule
-Snap off ampule neck
-aspirate medication into syringe using filter needle
-replace filter needle:with appropriate size needle or needless device
-administer injection according to order
Where does metabolism of drugs occur?
Liver
What body organ excretes drugs
Kidneys (pee)
Aseptic techniques
Reduce the risk of infection
Basically hand, hygiene, ensuring sterile supplies
How is insulin administered?
Insulin is administered by sub Q injection because the G.I. tract breaks down and destroys it in oral form
the abdomen injection
Fastest absorption area
The arms
A little slower than the abdomen
The legs
Even slower than the arms
The buttocks
The slowest absorption area
Subcutaneous injection locations
Medication’s place in to loose connective tissues under dermis
Arms, abdomen. buttocks(a little lower than waist ventrolgluteal), legs(above knees)
What are the degrees for injections
Intramuscular -90° angle
Subcutaneous -45° angle and 90° angle
Intradermal -5-15° angle
Intramuscular injections
Faster absorption, then subcutaneous route
The angle of admission is 90°
Body mass index and adipose tissue influence needle size selection
2–5 ml is the amount that can be injected in that area
Intramuscular(ventrolgluteal)
Gluteus medius
Deep in away from major nerves and blood vessels
It is the preferred and safe site for all adults, children, and infants
Recommended for volumes greater than 2 mL **
When should Z track method be used?
The Z track method should be used for all intramuscular injections in adults. This technique prevents drug leakage into the subcutaneous tissue. It helps steal the drug in the muscle in minimizes the skin irritation.
(You pull the skin before inserting needle, after administering medication pull needle out and let go of the skin)
Intramuscular(Vastis lateralis)
Used for adults and children
Use middle third of muscle for injection
Usually use for kids for their immunizations (on their legs)
Intramuscular(deltoid)
Injection of the arm center of the triangle, pinch skin and inject a medication
How to administer IM Med Z-track w/aspiration
After pulling the skin and inserting the needle, aspirate(pull back) for 5– 10 seconds with dominant hand(while other hand is still holding down the skin) then administer medication over one ML/10 seconds.
Then wait 10 seconds and release skin as you pull needle out at the same angle
Do we aspirate all injections?
No, CDC recommends that we not aspirate vaccines.
Intradermal injections
This is used for skin testing such as allergy, TB
Slow absorption from dermis
Angle of insertion is 5 to 15° with a bevel up
A small bleb will form
Intravenous injection(IV)
Are primarily used for fluid replacement in patients who are unable to take oral fluids
