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medication Flashcards

1
Q

indications for aspirin

A

suspected myocardial infarction or ischaemia or TIA

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2
Q

action for aspirin

A

has an anti platelet action which reduced clot formation

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3
Q

contra-indications for aspirin

A

known allergies
active gastrointestinal bleeding
children under 16
severe hepatic failure when jaundice

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4
Q

dosage for aspirin / max dosage / administration

A

300mg (oral tablet/ one tablet) max 300mg

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5
Q

indications for GTN

A

given for cardiac chest pain due to angina, ACS and acute heart failure/ can be given for suspected cocaine toxicity presenting with chest pain

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6
Q

action for GTN

A

promotes vasodilation which increases blood flow to the heart therefore oxygen to the heart muscle- reducing pain
dilation of coronary arteries/ relief of coronary spasm
dilation of systemic veins resulting in lower pre-load

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7
Q

contra-indications of GTN

A

hypotension
hypovolemia
head trauma
cerebral haemorrhage
unconscious patient
known severe aortic or mitral stenosis

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8
Q

Dosage and administration of GTN? max?

A

400mcg every 5-10 mins (1-2 sprays)
no limit

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9
Q

indication of Entonox

A

used as a pain relief for moderate-severe pain

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10
Q

action for Entonox

A

inhaled analgesic agent/ takes place within the pain centres of the brain and spinal cord and releases neurotransmitters that relate to the side affects

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11
Q

Canta-indications for Entonox

A

not given for chest injuries - suspected pneumothorax
severe head injury
possible presence of intracranial air
abdominal pain if suspected obstruction

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12
Q

dosage/ administration

A

face mask - 3-5 mins to work

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13
Q

indication of morphine

A

for pain relief/first choice analgesic for suspected MI

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14
Q

action for morphine

A

it is a strong opioid analgesic. it binds directly to opioid receptors in the CNS therefore reducing feelings of pain by interrupting the signal to the brain

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15
Q

contra-indications of morphine

A

children under 1
respiratory depression RR (adult breath <10) (Child <20 per min)
hypotension (systolic under <90)
head injury with significant impaired level of consciousness
sensitivity to morphine

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16
Q

dosage/ administrador of morphine? max dose?

A

IV/IO- 10mg in 10ml
max 20mg

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17
Q

indiction of ibuprofen

A

relief of mild or moderate pain

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18
Q

action of ibuprofen

A

is a non-selective inhibitor of the enzymes required for the synthesis of the chemicals (prostaglandins) produced when pain, fever or inflammation occurs
analgesic - (relives pain)
antipyretic - (reduced temperature)
anti- inflammatory- (reduced inflammation)

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19
Q

contra-indications of ibuprofen

A

dehydration
hypovolaemic
known to have renal insufficiency
child with chickenpox
patients with active upper gastrointestinal disturbances
women with last trimester in pregnancy

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20
Q

dosage/ administration of ibuprofen / max dose

A

oral tablet 400mg
repeat dose 400mg
max 1.2g per 24 hours

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21
Q

indiction for paracetamol

A

for relief of mild-moderate pain and pyrexia (oral)
or moderate -severe pain (IV)

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22
Q

action of paracetamol

A

it blocks the production of prostaglandins which are involved in pain transmission
analgesic (pain relieving)
antipyretic (temperature reducing)

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23
Q

contra- indication of paramcetmol

A

known allergy
if product contains (Calpol, co-codamol) as these have paracetamol (every 4 hours)

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24
Q

dosage/ administration of paracetamol

A

oral tablet (2- 500mg tablets ) (1g)
IV- 1G in 100ml

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25
indication for salbutamol
to to mange asthma attack where normal inhaler is insufficient. also to treat wheezing associated with allergies, anaphylaxis, beta-blockers, overdose, smoke and COPD exacerbations
26
action of salbutamol
it is a selective beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulant, which has a relaxing effect on the spasming smooth muscle of the airways during an asthma attack beta2 agonists generally works faster
27
contra-indication of salbutamol
none in emergency situation
28
dosage and administration of salbutamol / limit
5mg no limit nebulised with 6-8l per minute of oxygen
29
indication of ipratropium bromide
used to treat acute, severe or life-threatening asthma. acute asthma unresponsive to salbutamol. exacerbation of COPD and excretory wheezing
30
actions of ipratropium bromide
it is an antimuscarinic bronchodilator. provides short term relief by relaxing the smooth muscle of the airway and opening the air passages to the lungs.
31
contra-indications of ipratropium bromide
none in the emergency situation
32
dosage/ administration and limit of ipratropium bromide
500mcg max dose- 500mcg route- nebuliser- 6/8l of oxygen
33
indications of hydrocortisone
given for severe/ life threatening asthma/ acute COPD exacerbation adrenal crisis and suspected adrenal insufficiency
34
action of hydrocortisone
is a glucocorticoid drug. it suppresses inflammatory and immune response by binding to glucocorticoid receptors and is effective in restoring BP, blood sugar, cardia synchronicity and volume
35
contra-indications of hydrocortisone
known allergy where patient has adrenal crisis it is preferable to give whatever preparation is available
36
dosage/ administration of hydrocortisone / max dose
100mg in 1ml - max dose 100mg reconstituted in 2ml of water
37
indications of magnesium sulphate
severe exacerbations of asthma- not responding to others / tornados de, eclampsia- BP 160/110 or more with headache (severe/ frontal/ pointes
38
action of magnesium sulphate
relaxes bronchial muscles / competitively blocks entry of calcium into synaptic ending neuromuscular transmission
39
contra-indication of magnesium sulphate
known hypermagnesaemia
40
dosage and administration of magnesium sulphate
asthma 2g-max dose 200mg/ml volume 2ml eclampsia 4g- max 200mg/ml volume 20ml torsades de pointes 2g - max dose 200mg/ml volume 10ml
41
indications of prednisolone
treatment of moderate to severe exacerbation of asthma treatment of exacerbation of COPD
42
action of prednisolone
is a glucocorticoid (steroid) that surpasses part of the immune system and reduces inflammation and swelling
43
contra-indications of prednisolone
known administration with the last 2 hours- vomiting or able to swallow known sensitivity to steroids or excipients
44
dosage/ administration of prednisolone / max dose
oral tablet 40mg - max dose 1mg/ml
45
indications of adrenaline 1:1000
anaphylaxis- life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration despite nebuliser therapy
46
contra-indications of adrenaline 1:1000
on non- cardio selective beta- blockers (e.g propranolol)
47
actions of adrenaline 1:1000
reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis relives bronchospasm in actor severe asthma it acts as a vasoconstrictor which contacts the vasodilation and vascular permeability stimulated by histamine durning anaphylactic shock, it acts as a bronchodilator in server asthma
48
dosage/administration/ max for adrenaline 1:1000
route- IM ONLY IM ADMINISTER 500mcg - repeat every 3-5 minutes no limit (pre-filled syringe containing 1mg of adrenaline)
49
indication for furosemide
administered for pulmonary oedema or respiratory distress due to acute heart failure
50
action of furosemide
it is a potent loop diuretic with a rapid onset (within 30 minutes) and short duration
51
contra-indication for furosemide
reduced GCS with liver cirrhosis cariogenic shock sever renal failure with anuria children under 18 years
52
dose/ administration of furosemide / max
40mg- max 4ml volume slowly over 2 minutes
53
indication for TXA (tranexamic acid)
severe haemorrhage, major trauma, head injury with a GCS of 12 or less. time critical injury with significant external/ internal haemorrhage. postpartum haemorrhage if patient continues to breed
54
TXA action
is an anti-fibrinolytic which reduced the breakdown of blood clots
55
contra-indication for TXA
know allergy to TXA (anaphylactic reaction) bleeding started more than 3 hours ago obvious resolution of haemorrhage
56
dosage/ administration of TXA / max
1g- max ampoule 500mg in 5ml IV (slowly over 10 minutes) post-partum 1g max 2g (30 minutes)
57
indication for atropine sulphate
treated for symptomatic bradycardia
58
action of atropine sulphate
reverse the effect of vagal overdrive by blocking the vagal activity in sinus bradycardia and 2/3 degree heart blocks- which increases heart rate - also enhances A-V conduction
59
contra-indication of atropine sulphate
DO NOT administer if suspected hypothermia cardiac transplant - heart will not respond to vagal blocking
60
dosage/ administration of atropine sulphate / max
route- IV/IO 600mcg (3-5 minutes) max 3mg
61
indication of amiodarone
shockable rhythm: if unresponsive-to defibrillation give after 3rd shock and 5th shock in PVT/ VF rhythm
62
action of amiodarone
blocks sodium and potassium channels in cardia muscle acts to stabilise and reduced electrical irritability of cardiac muscle
63
contra-indications of amiodarone
temperature less than 30c
64
dosage/ administration of amiodarone
300mg in 10ml- 3rd shock 150mg in 3ml- 5th shock route- IV/IO
65
indication for adrenaline 1:10000
given in cardiac arrest/ post ROSC for circulatory support
66
action of adrenaline 1:10000
acts on both alpha and beta receptors and increases HR and centricity of the heart by having vasodilation (Beta) and vasoconstriction (Alpha) effects as a result myocardial and cerebral blood flow is enhanced during CPR and CPR becomes more effective due to increase peripheral resistant which imposes perfection pressure
67
contra-indiction of adrenaline 1:10000
temperature under 30c
68
dosage/ administration for adrenaline 1:10000/ limit
shockable rhythm given at 3rd shock -5-7 shock none-shockable give immediately when IV access is achieved after given needs to be given every 3-5 minutes no limit

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